脑卒中患者吞咽功能障碍诊断与治疗的研究进展

Research Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients

吞咽功能障碍作为脑卒中常见且严重的并发症之一,会使患者进食困难,出现水电解质紊乱、频发性肺炎等不良反应,严重影响患者生活质量甚至危及生命。最初临床上只是根据脑卒中患者出现呛咳反应粗略判断其存在吞咽功能障碍,对症处理呛咳反应引起的肺炎导致临床治疗效果欠佳。随着临床经验的丰富,临床上开始尝试应用洼田饮水试验评估患者吞咽功能障碍程度,并对吞咽肌群进行康复训练帮助恢复吞咽功能。目前在诊断和治疗吞咽功能障碍方面取得了很大进展,未来针对脑卒中后导致的吞咽功能障碍的特异性,选择恰当的检查工具及治疗方案成为研究的重点。

As one of the common and serious complications of stroke,dysphagia affects the patient′s eating,resulting in adverse reactions such as water electrolyte disorder and frequent pneumonia,which will seriously affect the patient′s quality of life and even endanger the patient′s life.At first,it′s only roughly judged that there is swallowing dysfunction in stroke patients based on their cough response,and pneumonia caused by symptomatic treatment of cough response,results in poor clinical therapeutic effect.With the enrichment of clinical experience,Kubota water swallowing test is started being used to evaluate the degree of swallowing dysfunction of the patients,and rehabilitation training for swallowing muscle groups is carried out to help restore swallowing function.At present,great achievements have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia.In the future,for the specificity of dysphagia caused by stroke,the selection of appropriate examination tools and treatment plan will become the research focus.