慢性阻塞性肺疾病小气道病变检测技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Detecting Methods of Small Airway Lesions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

小气道是慢性阻塞性肺疾病早期病理改变发生的区域。小气道病变可导致功能改变(如通气功能障碍、气道阻力增加、通气不均匀)和结构变化(如小气道数量减少、气道壁增厚、管腔狭窄、空气潴留)。目前受限于检测技术及设备,小气道病变多通过测量反映以上征象的参数间接评估其严重程度。定量CT作为一种敏感的无创的识别小气道病变的方法,可提供直观的解剖位置信息及形态特征,并能够客观地量化相关参数,具有重要临床价值。

Small airway is the area where the early pathological changes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease occur.Small airway lesions may lead to functional changes(dysfunction of ventilation,increased resistance,uneven ventilation)and structural changes(decrease in small airway number,thickening of airway wall,stenosis of lumen,air trapping).At present,due to the limitation of detection technology and equipment,the severity of small airway lesions is indirectly assessed by measuring the parameters reflecting the above signs.Quantitative CT,as a sensitive and non-invasive method to identify small airway lesions,can provide intuitive anatomical location information and morphological characteristics,and can directly quantify the related parameters,thus has an important clinical value.