中小历史文化名城旅游发展的困境——以大理剑川为例

The Dilemma of Tourism Development in Small and Medium-sized National Historical and Cultural City:Taking Jianchuan,Dali as an Example

随着我国名城申报城市数量的增加,中小历史文化名城面临着保护规范日渐严格、同位竞争日益增加的挑战,近两年又面临疫情,难以单纯依托古城旅游来带动经济发展。本文以剑川古城为例,基于实时的百度热力图数据和百度POI数据,对暑期的人群数量和时空分布特征进行研究,分析剑川古城的旅游发展情况。同时,选取距离剑川较近,且旅游经济发展相对成熟的丽江作为对照组,通过研究剑川与丽江同一时期的人群时空分布的差异性,发掘剑川现存的问题。结果表明:丽江人群的活动完全以古城为核心,各类POI设施也主要围绕古城展开,旅游经济的影响相当显著;相比之下,剑川古城对人群并没有表现出明显的引力作用,古城中的各类POI设施密度也比古城外低。结论表明,中小历史文化名城不应盲目地、大规模地进行改造和开发建设,过度追求外来游客带来的经济效益,应该立足当前,从微更新的角度逐步改造发展,优先发展服务本地人的设施、商业,避免设施空置和浪费,得到相应发展之后,结合自身特色,发展深度体验经济,面向区域客源而不是全国,避免与其他古城同质发展。

With the increase in the number of recognized historical cities in China,small and medium-sized historical and cultural cities are facing the challenges of increasingly strict protection norms and increasing competition.In the past two years,they have gone through the epidemic,and it is difficult to rely only on ancient city tourism to drive economic development.Taking Jianchuan Ancient City as an example,this paper studies the number of people and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics in summer based on real-time Baidu heat map data and Baidu POI data,and analyzes the tourism development of Jianchuan Ancient City.At the same time,Lijiang,which is geographically close to Jianchuan and more mature in tourism economy,was selected as the comparison,and the differences in the spatial and temporal distribution of people in Jianchuan and Lijiang during the same period were studied to explore the existing problems in Jianchuan.The results show that people’s activities of Lijiang are completely centered on the ancient city,various POI facilities are mainly carried out around the ancient city,and the impact of tourism economy is quite significant.In contrast,the ancient city of Jianchuan does not show obvious gravitational effect on the crowd,and the density of various POI facilities in the ancient city is lower than that outside the ancient city.The conclusion shows that small and medium-sized historical and cultural cities should not blindly pursue large-scale renovation and development construction,excessive pursuit of economic benefits brought by foreign tourists.The development strategy should instead be based on the present,choose gradual micro-renewal methods,give priority to the development of facilities and businesses that serve locals,and avoid vacancy and waste of facilities.With their local characteristics,they should develop a deep experience economy,face regional visitors rather than the whole country,and avoid homogeneous development with other ancient cities.