共刺激信号通路在异种移植中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of costimulatory signaling pathway in xenotransplantation

器官短缺是限制器官移植发展的重要因素,异种移植有望解决器官短缺问题,因此成为新的研究热点。T细胞调节相关的共刺激信号通路研究是当前异种移植免疫方面的热点话题。自从共刺激分子CD28发现以来,已经发现了多种共刺激分子,包括共刺激和共抑制受体及其相关配体。针对移植供体的特异性T细胞活化是引起急性免疫排斥反应的关键因素,不同免疫阶段共刺激分子在T细胞上表达和诱导有所不同,这些共刺激分子在维持T细胞耐受性以及T细胞免疫反应的平衡中发挥着关键作用。目前共刺激信号通路在器官移植领域的作用越来越受到重视,本文就异种移植免疫相关的共刺激信号通路的最新研究进行综述,以期为异种移植免疫抑制方案优化提供参考。

Organ shortage is a critical factor limiting the development of organ transplantation.Xenotransplantation is expected to resolve the problem of organ shortage,which has become a new research hotspot.Study of costimulatory signaling pathway related to T cell regulation is a hot topic in terms of immunity of xenotransplantation.Since the discovery of costimulatory molecule CD28,multiple costimulatory molecules have been identified,including costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors and their related ligands.Specific T cell activation of donors is the key factor leading to acute immune rejection.The expression and induction of costimulatory molecules on T cells differ during different immune stages,and these costimulatory molecules play a key role in maintaining T cell tolerance and the balance of T cell immune response.At present,increasing attention has been diverted to the role of costimulatory signaling pathway in organ transplantation.In this article,the latest research progress in costimulatory signaling pathway related to xenotransplantation immunity was reviewed,aiming to provide reference for the optimization of xenotransplantation immunosuppression regimen.