数字劳动的生产性与非生产性——基于马克思生产劳动理论

The Productive and Non Productive Nature of Digital Labor——Based on Marx's Theory of Productive Labor

数字劳动的生产性问题是数字时代经济理论研究的重要主题。现有对数字劳动生产性与非生产性问题的研究,存在“数字劳动是非物质劳动”“数字劳动不存在明确雇佣关系所以是非生产劳动”等错解和误读。研究数字劳动生产性问题,要以马克思生产劳动理论为根本依据。马克思生产劳动理论揭示,生产劳动的含义具有理论决定性、客观确定性和自然必然性,界定生产劳动概念要运用物质规定性标准和社会生产关系标准,生产劳动时间的相对缩短和节约是人类社会发展进步的必然趋向。我国生产性数字劳动的含义是生产满足人民美好生活需要的、不少于自己消费的价值的、有益于社会的商品的数字劳动。要促进我国数字经济健康发展,必须正确认识生产性与非生产性数字劳动的各自功能及其内在关联,正确处理好生产性与非生产性数字劳动的相互关系。

The productive nature of digital labor is an important topic in the study of economic theories in the digital age.Existing research on the productive nature of digital labor has been plagued by misconceptions and misinterpretations,such as the belief that digital labor is immaterial or non-productive due to the absence of clear employment relationships.To study the productive nature of digital labor,it is essential to rely on Marx's theory of productive labor.Marx's theory reveals that the concept of productive labor has a theoretical determination,objective certainty,and natural inevitability.The definition of productive labor should be based on material determinants and social production relations.The relative reduction and efficiency of labor time are inevitable trends in the progress of human society.In China,productive digital labor refers to the labor that produces goods in line with the people's needs for a better life,with a value that is not less than its own consumption and is beneficial to society.To promote the healthy development of China's digital economy,it is necessary to have a correct understanding of the respective functions and intrinsic connections of productive and non-productive digital labor,and to correctly handle the relationship between the two.