十六国与北魏初期诏令的承变及其文学史意义

The Inheritance and Significance in Literary History of the Imperial Edicts of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Early Northern Wei Dynasty

十六国和北朝以诏令作为最具代表性的文学样式,并逐渐成为学界共识。这种文学观念、制度化的写作实乃奠基于十六国和北魏初期。此一时期的诏令不仅承继魏晋以来中原地区汉民族的文学传统,还在以拓跋鲜卑为代表的异质文化的影响下激发出更大的活力。在此过程中,诏令代拟者作为国家行政不可或缺的一环,逐渐形成较为成熟的政治文化和身份意识,并以此构建新型的士人关系网络。诏令作为十六国和北魏前期“文学荒漠”下的潜流,是传统文学断层再造的新生产物,为改变南北朝文学研究的不均衡局面提供了新的思考空间,客观上消弭了华夷界限,推动了民族之间的平等交流,拉近了彼此的心理距离,有利于促进多民族文学的一体化发展。

The Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern dynasties used imperial edicts as the most representative literary style,which has gradually gained academic consensus.This kind of literary concept and institutionalized writing was actually based on the Sixteen Kingdoms and the early Northern Wei dynasty.The imperial edicts of this period not only inherited the literary traditions of the Han people in the Central Plains since the Wei and Jin dynasties,but also stimulated stronger vitality under the influence of the heterogeneous culture represented by Xianbei.In this process,as an indispensable part of the state administration,the imperial edicts drafter gradually formed a more mature political culture and identity consciousness,and built a new type of scholar-person relationship network.As an undercurrent under the literary desert of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the early Northern Wei dynasty,the edict is a new product of the reconstruction of traditional literary faults,which provides a new space for thinking for changing the imbalance in literary research in the Northern and Southern dynasties,objectively eliminates the boundary between Huayi,promotes equal exchanges between ethnic groups,narrows the psychological distance between each other,and is conducive to promoting the integrated development of multi-ethnic literature.