第四次工业革命背景下技术-组织-管理范式研究

Research on Technology-Organization-Management Paradigm in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

当前,正值第四次工业革命的导入期,人工智能、区块链、物联网、大数据、云计算等新一代数字技术的应用推广将会带来企业组织管理的变革,深入探究这些变革及其影响有利于企业在数智时代更好地适应不确定环境的冲击和挑战。通过对历次工业革命中企业组织管理演变历史脉络的梳理,重点探讨第四次工业革命浪潮下,数字技术与企业组织管理是如何相互形塑的。研究表明,技术创新与企业的组织创新、管理创新之间相互作用,表现为一种双向的互馈和形塑关系,形成了一种技术-组织-管理新范式:首先,以人工智能和区块链为核心支撑技术的新型技术范式,推动企业向去中心化、自治化的组织形态转变,企业外部环境变化对企业提出了新的潜在特征需求,平台制组织将更具有效率性。其次,在数字技术和平台制组织的基础上,企业的管理模式也发生了变化,在提高效率的内在动力驱动下,企业积极进行管理模式创新,算法管理成为企业核心管理模式,推动企业新型组织形态的优化,进而促进数字技术的进一步创新和扩散。技术-组织-管理范式作为新生理论范式,既可为第四次工业革命背景下企业组织管理变革提供更富诠释力的理论视角,也可为企业数字化转型实践提供更具解释力的理论框架。

Currently,during the lead-in period of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,great changes will be brought about in enterprise organization and management for the promotion of the new digital technologies such as artificial intelligence,blockchain,Internet of Things,big data and cloud computing.After sorting out the historical context of the evolution of enterprise organization management in previous industrial revolutions,we focus on how digital technology and enterprise organization management shape each other under the wave of the fourth industrial revolution.The research shows that the interaction,among technological innovation,organizational innovation and management innovation,is a two-way mutual and shaping relationship,forming a new paradigm of technology-organization-management:First of all,the new technological paradigm taking artificial intelligence and blockchain as the core supporting technology promotes the transformation of enterprises to decentralized and autonomous organizational form.Secondly,the management mode of enterprises has also changed on the basis of digital technology and platform-based organization.Driven by the internal motivation to improve efficiency,enterprises actively carry out management mode innovation.The technology-organization-management paradigm,as a new theoretical paradigm,can not only provide a more explanatory theoretical perspective for enterprise organization and management change under the background of the fourth industrial revolution,but also provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for practice of enterprise digital transformation.