贵州野核桃种仁营养成分测定及分析

Determination and Analysis of Nutritional Components of Guizhou Juglans cathayensis Kernel

为探究贵州野核桃种仁营养价值,以贵州野核桃典型分布区10个不同居群的野核桃坚果为材料,测定其种仁营养成分中的蛋白质、可溶性糖、脂肪、9种脂肪酸、维生素E、总黄酮、6种矿物质元素以及19种氨基酸等39项指标;同时利用单因素方差分析,比较不同居群贵州野核桃种仁营养成分差异。结果显示:(1)10个居群中,蛋白质含量最高的是KKS-1居群,可溶性糖含量最高的是FDS-1居群,维生素E含量最高的是KKS-1居群,总黄酮含量最高的是FDS-1居群,宽阔水野核桃居群中的粗脂肪含量明显高于佛顶山、雷公山居群。(2)10个居群的锰(Mn)元素含量无显著性差异,为0.09~0.15 ug/g;钾(K)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)含量均呈现显著性差异。(3)10个居群共测出9种脂肪酸和19种氨基酸,含量表现各异。(4)主成分分析中,KKS-3、KKS-1、KKS-2居群居群得分较高,均属于贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区。结果表明:贵州野核桃种仁中含有丰富的蛋白质、可溶性糖、脂肪、脂肪酸、维生素E、总黄酮、矿物质元素;不同居群贵州野核桃种仁营养成分含量表现各异;贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区野核桃果实品质较其余2个保护区高。研究结果为贵州省野核桃干果新资源研发提供理论依据。

To investigate the nutritional composition of Juglans cathayensis kernels in Guizhou,this study utilized nuts from 10 distinct populations within the typical distribution area of J.cathayensis in Guizhou.These nuts were employed as materials to assess 39 indicators,including protein,soluble sugar,fat,nine types of fatty acids,vitamin E,total flavonoids,six mineral elements,and 19 amino acids.Additionally,a one-way analysis of variance was conducted to compare the variations in nutritional components among J.cathayensis kernels from different populations.The results showed that:(1)Among the ten populations examined,it was observed that the KKS-1 population exhibited the highest protein content,while the FDS-1 population displayed the highest soluble sugar content.Furthermore,the KKS-1 population demonstrated the highest vitamin E content,whereas the FDS-1 population exhibited the highest total flavonoid content.(2)There was no statistically significant variation observed in the manganese(Mn)content across the 10 populations,ranging from 0.09 to 0.15 ug/g.However,significant differences were observed in the levels of potassium(K),iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),magnesium(Mg),and calcium(Ca).(3)Additionally,the analysis detected a total of 9 fatty acids and 19 amino acids in the 10 populations,with varying concentrations.(4)Furthermore,the principal component analysis revealed that the KKS-3,KKS-1,and KKS-2 populations,all belonging to the Guizhou Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve,exhibited higher scores.The findings of the study indicate that the kernel of Guizhou J.cathayensis exhibited high levels of protein,soluble sugar,fat,fatty acid,vitamin E,total flavonoids,and mineral elements.Moreover,it was observed that the nutrient composition of Guizhou J.cathayensis kernel varied among different populations.Notably,the fruit quality of J.cathayensis in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou surpassed that of the other two reserves.The findings of this research offer a theoretical foundation for the exploration and advancement of novel resources derived from J.cathayensis dry fruit in Guizhou Province.