富宁金花茶扦插和嫁接繁殖技术研究

Study on Cutting and Grafting Propagation Technology of Camellia mingii

为探究富宁金花茶扦插、嫁接无性快繁技术,实现对其优良种质资源和宝贵基因资源的永久保存,以香花油茶、普通油茶、茶花‘黑牡丹’、‘毛紫-3’等砧木开展富宁金花茶的小苗嫁接繁殖,同时进行香花油茶大桩嫁接快繁试验。结果表明,富宁金花茶扦插为皮部生根,750 mg/L生长调节剂IBA处理的扦插综合效果最好,插穗扦插成活率、抽梢率、新梢长、新梢粗、叶片数、鲜重、干重均为最大,分别达94.59%、60.00%、3.42 cm、2.18 mm、4.80张、1.83 g、0.63 g,插穗的生根率、一级生根数量、平均根长、最长不定根、根鲜重、干重也最大,分别达93.81%、7.60条、3.18 cm、7.02 cm、0.25 g、0.075 g;其次是1500 mg/L IBA,扦插效果也较好。香花油茶是开展富宁金花茶小苗嫁接繁殖亲和力较好的砧木品种,嫁接成活率、抽梢率、新梢长、新梢粗、叶片数均最大,分别为达94.18%、90.52%、11.85 cm、4.01 mm和7.42片,‘毛紫-3’也是较好的砧木品种。在春季开展香花油茶大砧嫁接富宁金花茶繁殖效果最好,冬季嫁接繁殖效果较差。开展香花油茶大桩与大桩萌枝嫁接试验对比,其中使用大桩萌枝砧木并在牛皮纸遮阴下嫁接效果最好。富宁金花茶扦插为皮部生根类型,是相对较容易扦插繁殖的树种,可采用较低浓度IBA处理插穗实现快速扦插生根。香花油茶和‘毛紫-3’是开展富宁金花茶嫁接繁殖的较好砧木品种,在春季开展香花油茶大桩嫁接繁殖效果最好。

To explore the rapid clone propagation technology in cutting and grafting of Camellia mingii and realize the permanent preservation of superior germplasm resources and valuable genetic resources of C.mingii,the cutting propagation of C.mingii was carried out,and the seedlings of C.mingii were grafted and propagated with rootstock seedlings of C.osmantha,C.oleifera,C.japonica‘Heimudan’and C.‘Maozi-3’,etc.At the same time,the rapid propagation experiment of C.osmantha with big stock grafting was carried out.The experimental results showed that the cutting of C.mingii was rooted from cortex,the comprehensive effect of cutting with 750 mg/L IBA growth regulator was the best.The cutting survival rate,shooting rate,new shoot length,new shoot diameter,leaf number,and the fresh weight and dry weight of the cutting were the highest,reaching 94.59%,60.00%,3.42 cm,2.18 mm,4.80 pieces,1.83 g and 0.63 g,respectively.And the rooting rate of the cutting,the number of primary rooting,the average root length,the longest adventitious root,and the fresh weight and dry weight of root were also the highest,reaching 93.81%,7.60 roots,3.18 cm,7.02 cm,0.25 g and 0.075 g,respectively.Secondly,the effect of the cutting with 1500 mg/L IBA growth regulator was also better.C.osmantha had better affinity in seedling grafting and propagation.Its grafting survival rate,shooting rate,new shoot length,new shoot diameter,and the leaf number were the highest,reaching 94.18%,90.52%,11.85 cm,4.01 mm and 7.42 pieces,respectively.C.‘Maozi-3’was also a good rootstock variety.The propagation effect of C.osmantha grafting on C.mingii with big stock in spring was the best,but the effect in winter was poor.Comparing the grafting tests by big pile and big pile sprout of C.osmantha,the grafting effect of big pile sprout rootstock under the shade of kraft paper was the best.The cutting of C.mingii belongs to cortex rooting type.And it is relatively easy to cut and propagate,which can be achieved by using lower concentration IBA treatment for cuttings.C.osmantha and Camellia‘Maozi-3’are better rootstock varieties to carry out the grafting propagation of C.mingii,and it will obtain the best effect to carry out big pile grafting propagation of C.osmantha in spring.