钾肥种类对子莲产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

Effect of Different Type of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Seed Lotus

为在子莲施肥中合理选择钾肥,以‘太空莲36号’为材料,采用微池试验的方法,设置不施钾(CK)、氯化钾(MOP)和硫酸钾(SOP)3个处理,研究钾肥种类对子莲产量品质和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,在莲田土壤有效硫32.2 mg/kg、有效氯10.0 mg/kg的试验条件下,施钾显著提高了通芯莲和膨大茎产量,与CK处理相比,MOP处理的通芯莲和膨大茎产量分别增加了29.7%和21.5%,SOP处理分别增加了41.3%和71.2%。与MOP处理比较,SOP处理的通芯莲和膨大茎产量分别提高了9.0%和40.9%,其收获指数分别提高了0.6和5.0个百分点,淀粉含量分别提高了2.6和7.9个百分点,其中膨大茎产量、收获指数和淀粉含量增加显著;子莲多数器官的氯含量显著降低,降低幅度为34%~77%,氯吸收总量降低55.2%,硫含量增加0.4%~57%,硫吸收总量增加23.0%,钾肥当季利用率提高2.4个百分点。硫酸钾在提高通芯莲产量和改善品质方面略优于氯化钾,在提高子莲膨大茎产量和品质方面显著优于氯化钾。因此初步提出广昌县子莲“前期氯化钾、后期硫酸钾”的施钾策略。

To appropriately select potassium fertilizer for seed lotus(Nelumbo nucifera)production,a microplot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different types of potassium fertilizer on growth,yield,quality and nutrient uptake of seed lotus by using‘Taikonglian No.36’as test material,with three treatments of no potassium(CK),potassium chloride(MOP)and potassium sulfate(SOP).The results showed that potassium fertilizer application significantly increased the yield of lotus seed cotyledon(LSC)and developed rhizome(DR)in the lotus field with 32.2 mg/kg available sulfur(S)and 10.0 mg/kg available chloride(Cl)in the soil.Compared with CK treatment,yield of LSC and DR in MOP treatment increased by 29.7%and 21.5%,respectively,and that in SOP treatment increased by 41.3%and 71.2%,respectively.Compared with MOP treatment,the yield of LSC and DR in SOP treatment increased by 9.0%and 40.9%respectively,the harvest index of LSC and DR increased by 0.6 and 5.0 percentage points,and the starch content increased by 2.6 and 7.9 percentage points,respectively,and the yield,harvest index and starch content of DR increased significantly.The Cl content in most organs of seed lotus plant decreased significantly by 34%-77%,therefore the total Cl absorption decreased by 55.2%;S content in the organs of seed lotus plant increased by 0.4%-57%,and the total S absorption increased by 23.0%.The recovery efficiency of K of SOP treatment increased by 2.4 percentage points when compared with MOP treatment.SOP was slightly better than MOP in increasing yield and improving quality of LSC,and significantly superior to MOP in increasing yield and improving quality of DR.Therefore,a fertilization strategy of‘MOP in early stage and SOP in late stage’was preliminary proposed for seed lotus production in Guangchang County,Jiangxi Province.