电动汽车司乘人员电磁曝露状况调查与评估

Investigation and Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Exposure of Electric Vehicle Drivers and Passengers

为调查评估电动汽车司乘人员的电磁曝露,对深圳市运营状态下的4款车型16辆电动出租车及电动公交车进行了1周的电磁曝露监测,采集了司机位及部分乘客位的头部、胸部、腿部和脚部30 Hz~3 kHz电场、磁场频谱及场强,依据GB 8702-2014限值评估电磁曝露,分析电磁曝露的时间、频谱、空间分布特征及其受车型、工况的影响程度。监测数据分析表明:电动汽车磁场曝露水平明显,电场曝露水平低;主要曝露频率不大于2 kHz,曝露水平和频率因车型而异;脚部及BE6车后排乘客位曝露水平较高;曝露水平及主要频率均随车速提高而增大。监测车辆电磁曝露水平都满足GB 8702-2014限值要求,BE6车最大磁场限值计权日均值为限值35.41%,最大瞬时磁场曝露为限值80.11%,需关注。

For investigation and assessment of electromagnetic field exposure of electric vehicle drivers and passengers,16 electric taxis and electric buses of 4 models in operation in Shenzhen were subjected to one week of electromagnetic exposure monitoring.The electric field and magnetic field spectrum and field intensity of 30 Hz~3 kHz at all driver seats and some passenger seats volumes correspond to head,trunk,legs and feet are measured.The human exposure was assessed according to GB 8702-2014 limits,and the time,spectrum and spatial distribution characteristics of electromagnetic exposure were analyzed,as well as the degree of influence by vehicle types and working conditions.Monitoring data analysis shows that the magnetic field exposure in electric vehicle is significant and the electric field exposure is low.The main magnetic exposure frequency≤2 kHz.The exposure level and main exposure frequency vary depending on the vehicle model.The exposure level of the feet and rear passenger seats of BE6 vehicle is relatively high.The exposure level and main exposure frequency increase with the increase of vehicle speed.All the electromagnetic field of electric vehicles under test are compliance with GB 8702-2014 limits.Some measurement positions of a vehicle show high exposure level with maximum day average weighted magnetic field of 35.41% of limits and maximum instantaneous magnetic field 80.11% of limits,which needs attention.