法治现代化的本土变奏——当代埃及家庭法体系探源

A Local Variation of Legal System Modernization:On the Origins of Contemporary Egyptian Family Law System

埃及的家庭法体系是其法治现代化进程的独特产物。奥斯曼宗主国、西方殖民主义与本土现代化改革之间的张力与互动,埃及传统法律职业群体、司法实践与法学教育的持久影响,以及现代化进程中新兴阶层、政治力量的兴起和政治文化思潮的变迁,共同推动了该体系的形成。埃及家庭法的法律内容、司法制度、法学教育模式等又对周边国家产生了不同程度的影响。其演化进程折射出近代以来非西方国家本土法律资源与移植而来的西方法律体系的艰难融合,也体现了现代化对传统的“再发明”和对其内在合理性的破坏。

As a legal category,family laws or personal status laws in Arab and Muslim countries govern legal procedures that pertain to familial relations,including marriage,divorce,child custody and inheritance.A typical family law system based its legal sources mostly on different religious laws,assigned independent court systems for different religious communities,and trained relevant judicial personnel in specific law schools.Egypt’s family law system is a unique product of its legal modernization process,the formation of which can be traced back to three groups of factors,namely:the tension and interaction between Ottoman suzerainty,Western colonialism and local modernization reform;the lasting influence of traditional Egyptian legal profession groups,judicial practice and legal education;as well as the rise of emerging classes,political forces and changes in political and cultural trends in the process of modernization.Thereafter,its legal content,judicial system,and mode of legal education have had varied impact on neighboring countries.The evolution of Egypt’s family law system sheds light on the difficult integration of the Western legal system transplanted by non-Western countries with local legal resources,and also reflects the“reinvention”of tradition and the destruction of its internal rationality caused by modernization.