贺兰山矿区4种灌木树种造林对比试验

Comparison Experiment on Afforestation of Four Shrub Species in Helan Mountain Mining Area

适宜树种的筛选和使用是矿区生态修复的关键,为解决贺兰山露天矿区生态修复中因植物选择及客土缺乏导致造林成活率不高的问题,本研究以蒙古扁桃、长柄扁桃、红花多枝柽柳和甘蒙柽柳4种灌木为试验材料,在贺兰山清水沟和头鑫矿区开展试验,通过统计成活率、生长量及调查造林效果,筛选出适宜矿区栽植的灌木树种。结果表明,4种灌木2年生容器苗的成活率和新梢生长量均高于1年生容器苗。2年生容器苗栽植第二年,红花多枝柽柳成活率最高,为87.8%~91.7%;长柄扁桃成活率最低,为75.5%;蒙古扁桃和长柄扁桃的成活率均以清水沟矿区最高,红花多枝柽柳和甘蒙柽柳成活率均以头鑫矿区最高。蒙古扁桃和长柄扁桃2年生容器苗栽植第二年,树穴覆盖黑色膜较对照可提高成活率8.0%、13.0%。因此,在清水沟矿区适宜客土栽植蒙古扁桃和长柄扁桃2年生容器苗,在头鑫矿区适宜栽植红花多枝柽柳和甘蒙柽柳2年生容器苗。贺兰山矿区4种灌木树种造林对比试验可为相近立地条件矿区生态修复苗木选择提供实践依据。

The selection and use of suitable tree species are crucial for ecological restoration in mining areas.In order to address the low survival rate of afforestation due to plant selection and the lack of topsoil in the open-pit mining area of Helan Mountain,this study selected four shrub species,including Amygdalus mongolica,Amygdalus pedunculata,Caragana microphylla,and Caragana monosperma,as test materials,and conducted experiments in Qingshuigou and Touxin mining areas of Helan Mountain.Through the analysis of survival rate,growth,and afforestation effect,suitable shrub species for planting in the mining area were identified.The results show that the survival rate and new shoot growth of two-year-old container seedlings are higher than those of one-year-old container seedlings.In the second year of planting,Caragana microphylla has the highest survival rate,ranging from 87.8%to 91.7%,while Amygdalus pedunculata has the lowest,75.5%.The highest survival rates of Amygdalus mongolica and Amygdalus pedunculata are in Qingshuigou,while the highest survival rates of Caragana microphylla and Caragana monosperma are in Touxin.In the second year of planting,using black film to cover the tree pits can increase the survival rate of two-year-old container seedlings of Amygdalus mongolica and Amygdalus pedunculata by 8.0%and 13.0%compared to the control.Therefore, two-year-old container seedlings of Amygdalus mongolica and Amygdalus pedunculata are suitable for planting in Qingshuigou mining area, and two-year-old container seedlings of Caragana microphylla and Caragana monosperma are suitable for planting in Touxin mining area. This experiment can provide practical basis for selecting seedlings for ecological restoration in mining areas with similar site conditions.