海原县农业外来入侵植物初步普查与分析

Preliminary Survey and Analysis of Alien Invasive Plantsin Haiyuan County Agriculture

【目的】随着国际贸易日渐繁荣,跨国、跨洲运输不断增多,使得本土的入侵生物越来越多,对当地生物生态形成严重威胁。为此,对海原县农业外来入侵植物分布格局进行研究,普查外来入侵植物种类、等级、生境类型等状况,以期为农业外来入侵植物防控和保护当地生物安全提供参考依据。【方法】根据交通便利情况分4条调查线路,在每一线路设置踏查点并进行踏查记录,完成海原县农业外来入侵植物种类、等级、生境类型等状况普查。【结果】海原县农业外来入侵植物种类有12科26种,其中菊科入侵种类最多,占总数的34.62%;入侵等级为恶性入侵(1级)的植物有3种,占总数的11.54%,分别为小蓬草、刺苍耳、圆叶牵牛;入侵生境以村庄用地出现种类最多,频次也最多。【结论】海原县农业外来入侵植物种类繁多,原产地多元,恶性和严重入侵植物占比较高,入侵形势严峻,应加强入侵植物防控。建议加大入侵植物知识普及和宣传力度,增强入侵植物防范意识,以保护当地生物多样性和生态安全。

[Objective]With the increasing prosperity of international trade and the growing transportation across countries and continents,there are more and more invasive species threatening the local biodiversity and ecosystems.This study conducted a preliminary investigation of the distribution patterns of alien invasive plants in Haiyuan County and surveyed their species,invasion levels,and habitat types,aiming to provide reference for the prevention and control of agricultural alien invasive plants and the protection of local biosecurity.[Methods]Based on convenient transportation conditions,the survey was divided into four routes to investigate the species,invasion levels,and habitat types of alien invasive plants in Haiyuan County.Survey points were set up on each route and field records were made.[Results]The study found 26 species from 12 families of alien invasive plants in Haiyuan County,with Asteraceae being the most invasive family,accounting for 34.62%of the total.There were three species classified as highly invasive(level 1),namely Conyza canadensis,Cirsium japonicum,and Ipomoea cairica,accounting for 11.54%of the total.Village land had the highest occurrence and frequency of invasive species among different habitat types.[Conclusion]Haiyuan County has a multitude of alien invasive plant species from various origins.Highly and severely invasive plants constitute a high percentage,indicating a serious invasion situation and the need for strengthened prevention and control measures.It is recommended to increase public awareness and education about alien invasive plants and enhance the prevention consciousness in order to protect local biodiversity and ecological security.