基于APSIM模型模拟不同耕作措施下施氮对陇中旱地春小麦产量的影响

Simulation of Effects of Nitrogen Application on Spring Wheat Yield in Longzhong dry Land under Different Tillage Measures Based on APSIM Model

为探究不同耕作措施下施氮对陇中旱地春小麦产量的互作效应,运用调参后的APSIM模型模拟不同施氮梯度N_(1)(0 kg/hm^(2))、N_(2)(52.5 kg/hm^(2))、N_(3)(105 kg/hm^(2))、N_(4)(157.5 kg/hm^(2))和N_(5)(210 kg/hm^(2))与不同耕作措施(传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆覆盖(TS)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS))互作效应下春小麦的产量。结果表明:(1) APSIM模型对不同施氮和耕作措施方案下产量的模拟具有较好的拟合度与较高的精度,归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)在6.6%~9.7%之间,决定系数(R~2)在0.92~0.98之间,有效性指数(ME)介于0.89~0.91之间;(2)在控制氮肥水平不变(N_(1))的情况下,对春小麦产量的促进效应:免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)>免耕(NT)>传统耕作+秸秆覆盖(TS)>传统耕作(T);(3)将传统耕作、施氮量N_(1)作为对照条件,施氮梯度为N_(3)(105 kg/hm^(2))时,产量均值和中位数均高于其他处理,春小麦产量达到最高,为2 503.42 kg/hm^(2)。所以,从不同耦合方案模拟出的产量来看,NTS(免耕+秸秆覆盖)与N_(3)(kg/hm^(2))互作条件下,平均产量达到最高,为1 934.51 kg/hm^(2),较对照组产量提高了46.77%,为增产最优模式。

In order to explore the interaction effect of nitrogen application on the yield of dry land spring wheat under different tillage measures of Longzhong.The APSIM model after parameter adjustment was used to simulate different nitrogen application gradients N_(1)(0 kg/hm^(2)),N_(2)(52.5 kg/hm^(2)),N_(3)(105 kg/hm^(2)),N_(4)(157.5 kg/hm^(2))and N_(5)(210 kg/hm^(2)),and different tillage measures(traditional tillage(T),no-tillage(NT),traditional tillage+Spring wheat yield under the interaction effects of straw mulch(TS)and no-till+straw mulch(NTS).The research showed that:(1)APSIM model had a good fit and high precision for the simulation of yield under different nitrogen application and tillage measures,and the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)was between 6.6%to 9.7%.The coefficient of determination(R2)was between 0.92 to 0.98,and the effectiveness index(ME)was between 0.89 to 0.91.(2)Under the condition of controlling the nitrogen fertilizer level unchanged(N_(1)),the promotion effect on spring wheat yield:notillage+straw mulch(NTS)>notillage(NT)>traditional tillage+straw mulch(TS)>traditional tillage(T).(3)Took traditional tillage and nitrogen application rate N_(1) as the control conditions,when the nitrogen application gradient was N_(3)(105 kg/hm^(2)),the mean and median yield were higher than other treatments,and the yield of spring wheat reached the highest,which was 2503.42 kg/hm^(2).Judging from the yields simulated by different coupling schemes,under the inte-raction conditions of NTS(no-tillage+straw mulching)and N_(3)(105 kg/hm^(2)),the averag-e yield reached the highest,which was 1934.51 kg/hm^(2),compared with the control grou-p,the yield increased 46.77%,which was the highest yield increase optimal mode.