专利技术特征划分的反思与重构

Rational Construction of Patent Technical Features Division:From the Dichotomy of Fact and Value to Legal Reasoning

技术特征划分的不确定性在一定程度上加剧了专利确权诉讼和侵权纠纷的频发以及结果的频繁“反转”。从表面上看,技术特征的划分难以通过形式理性加以规范;在理论层面上,技术特征划分涉及事实与价值二分的理论问题。要解决技术特征划分的问题,应在事实与价值之间建立沟通机制,而实践理性正是沟通事实与价值的理论,建立在实践理性的基础之上,将技术特征划分中的事实部分与价值部分利用主客观尺度加以区分。在符合技术特征划分定义的规范下,存在多种技术特征的划分方式,决定最终划分方式的是其背后的实践理由。在具体情境之下,对基于实践理由的制度利益进行衡量,重构司法推理三段论,从而在技术特征划分中建立起技术事实到价值判断的理性化和正当化路径。

The uncertainty of the division of technical features, to some extent, which aggravates the frequent occurrence of patent confirmation litigation and infringement disputes and the frequent “reversal” of the results. On the surface, the division of technical features is difficult to be standardized by formal rationality;on the theoretical level, the division of technical features involves the theoretical issue of the dichotomy of fact and value. To solve the problem of the division of technical features, we should establish a communication mechanism between facts and values, and practical rationality is the theory of communicating facts and values. Based on practical rationality, the fact part and value part in the division of technical features are distinguished by subjective and objective criteria. In accordance with the definition of technical features division, there are many ways to divide technical features, and it is the practical reasons behind the final division decision. Under specific circumstances, the system interests based on practical reasons are measured, and the syllogism of judicial reasoning is reconstructed, so as to establish a rational and legitimate path from technical facts to value judgments in the division of technical features.