不同品种母犬繁殖指标的差异研究

Study on the difference of reproduction indexes between different breeds of female dogs

为了研究不同品种母犬繁殖指标的差异,笔者基于辽宁省某养犬场2003—2019年德国牧羊犬、荷兰牧羊犬和马里努阿犬的繁殖记录数据,采用单因素方差分析和卡方检验分析三个品种母犬的发情指标、窝产指标、受胎情况及其他繁殖指标的差异。结果表明:德国牧羊犬发情时间极显著长于荷兰牧羊犬(P<0.01),显著长于马里努阿犬(P<0.05);马里努阿犬显著长于荷兰牧羊犬(P<0.05)。马里努阿犬发情间隔极显著长于荷兰牧羊犬和德国牧羊犬(P<0.01),荷兰牧羊犬发情间隔极显著长于德国牧羊犬(P<0.01)。德国牧羊犬窝产总数、窝产公犬数和窝产母犬数均极显著低于荷兰牧羊犬和马里努阿犬(P<0.01),荷兰牧羊犬与马里努阿犬差异不显著(P>0.05)。德国牧羊犬仔犬2月龄成活总数、成活公犬数和成活母犬数极显著低于荷兰牧羊犬和马里努阿犬(P<0.01),马里努阿犬与荷兰牧羊犬差异不显著(P>0.05)。荷兰牧羊犬受胎率显著高于德国牧羊犬(P<0.05),与马里努阿犬差异不显著(P>0.05);德国牧羊犬与马里努阿犬差异不显著(P>0.05)。德国牧羊犬死胎率极显著高于马里努阿犬(P<0.01),与荷兰牧羊犬差异不显著(P>0.05);荷兰牧羊犬与马里努阿犬差异不显著(P>0.05)。德国牧羊犬弱胎率显著高于马里努阿犬(P<0.05),与荷兰牧羊犬差异不显著(P>0.05);荷兰牧羊犬与马里努阿犬差异不显著(P>0.05)。德国牧羊犬仔犬2月龄成活率极显著低于马里努阿犬(P<0.01),显著低于荷兰牧羊犬(P<0.05);荷兰牧羊犬与马里努阿犬差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明德国牧羊犬、荷兰牧羊犬、马里努阿犬三个品种间母犬的繁殖指标存在差异。其中德国牧羊犬大部分繁殖指标在三个品种犬中表现最差,整体繁殖能力最弱;荷兰牧羊犬除受胎率高于马里努阿犬外,其他繁殖指标所体现的繁殖能力均弱于马里努阿犬;而马里努阿犬的大部分繁殖指标在三个品种犬中表现最好,整体繁殖能力最强。

In order to study the difference of reproduction indexes between different breeds of female dogs,based on the breeding record data of German Shepherds,Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs from 2003 to 2019 in a dog farm in Liaoning Province,One-Way ANOVA and chisquare were wsed tests to analyze the difference in estrus index,litter birth index,conception and other breeding indexes of the three breeds of female dogs.The results showed that the estrus time of German Shepherds was very significantly higher than that of Dutch Shepherds(P<0.01)and significantly longer than that of Malinois dogs(P<0.05);the estrus time of Malinois dogs was significantly longer than that of Dutch Shepherds(P<0.05).The estrus interval of Malinois dogs was significantly longer than that of Dutch Shepherds and German Shepherds(P<0.01),and the estrus interval of Dutch Shepherds was significantly longer than that of German Shepherds(P<0.01).The total number of litters,the number of male dogs and female dogs in German Shepherds were significantly lower than those of Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs(P<0.01),and the difference between Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs was not significant(P>0.05).The total number of 2-month-old live dogs,the number of live male dogs and live female dogs of German Shepherds were significantly lower than those of Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs(P<0.01),and Malinois dogs were not significantly different from Dutch Shepherds(P>0.05).The conception rate of Dutch Shepherds was significantly higher than that of German Shepherds(P<0.05),and had no significant difference with Malinois dogs(P>0.05);there was no significant difference between German Shepherds and Malinois dogs(P>0.05).The stillbirth rate of German Shepherds was significantly higher than that of Malinois dogs(P<0.01),and had no significant difference with Dutch Shepherds(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in stillbirth rate between Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs(P>0.05).The weak birth rate of German Shepherds was significantly higher than that of Malinois dogs(P<0.05),and had no significant difference with Dutch Shepherds(P>0.05);the weak birth rate of Dutch Shepherds was not significantly different from that of Malinois dogs(P>0.05).The survival rate of 2-month-old dogs of German Shepherds was significantly lower than that of Malinois dogs(P<0.01)and significantly lower than that of Dutch Shepherds(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs(P>0.05).The results suggested that there was difference in the reproduction indexes of female dogs among the three breeds of German Shepherds,Dutch Shepherds and Malinois dogs.Among them,most of the reproduction indexes of German Shepherds performed the worst among the three breeds of dogs,and the overall reproduction ability was the weakest.Except the higher conception rate than Malinois dogs,the reproduction ability reflected in other reproduction indexes was weaker in Dutch Shepherds than that in Malinois dogs.Most of the Marinois dogs′reproduction indexes performed best among the three breeds of dogs,and the overall reproductive ability was the strongest.