张謇“以战定和”思想略论

On ZHANG Jian’s Thought of“Peace through War”

清末,国家外有强敌环伺、内部政治腐败,在这样的氛围下,张謇坚决反对李鸿章“外须和戎”的政策,针对性地提出了“以战定和”的对外军事思想。张謇“以战定和”的对外军事思想是不断深化的:崇厚俄约事件中他首提“以战定和”,敉平“壬午之乱”后他坚定了对日作战主张,后他又弹劾李鸿章,全面提出“以战定和”思想。甲午战争中清政府的惨败,意味着张謇“以战定和”思想的破产。这一思想对当代仍有一定的启示作用。

In the late Qing dynasty,China was plunged into the darkness of foreign aggression and domestic corruption in politics.Under such circumstances,ZHANG Jian who resolutely opposed LI Hongzhang’s policy of“settling disputes with foreign powers through diplomatic negotiation”proposed his own foreign military thought of“peace through war”.The evolution of this thought went through several stages which included being proposed for the first time when Chonghou,an official in Qing dynasty,signed Treaty of Livadia with Russia,being strengthened with ZHANG Jian’s resolution to fight against Japan after the Imo Incident was pacified,and being determined after he impeached LI Hongzhang.Although the thought fell through along with the crushing defeat of Qing government in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895,inspirations can be drawn from it for the contemporary times.