黄河流域九省(区)生态保护与高质量发展协调状况研究

Study on the Coordinated Development of Ecological Protection and High⁃Quality Development in Nine Provinces of the Yellow River Basin

为了给黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展相关政策的制定提供参考,从黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展双重价值耦合视角出发,分别构建发展质量、生态保护评价指标体系,采用熵值法测算各省(区)2020年发展质量指数和生态保护指数,构建以全国平均发展质量指数和生态保护指数为坐标原点的生态保护-发展质量二维象限模型,依据各省(区)在二维象限的分布位置判断生态保护与高质量发展协调状态,结果表明:当前黄河流域各省(区)生态保护和发展质量差异较大,不平衡、不充分问题突出;以全国平均发展质量指数和生态保护指数为基准,把发展质量指数高于全国平均水平视为高质量、把生态保护指数高于全国平均水平视为优生态,据此把黄河流域各省(区)生态保护与高质量发展协调状况分为优生态-高质量、优生态-低质量、低生态-低质量、低生态-高质量4种类型,仅四川处于优生态-高质量的较理想状态,其他省(区)则处于优生态-低质量、低生态-低质量、低生态-高质量等3类不协调状态。从顶层战略设计、省(区)间协同治理、社会公众参与、生态保护刚性约束、权责利益约束、生态补偿等6个方面提出构建协同推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的长效机制。

In order to provide reference for the formulation of relevant policies for the ecological protection and high⁃quality development of the Yellow River Basin,this paper started from the perspective of the dual coupling of ecological protection and high⁃quality development in the Yellow River Basin to build separate evaluation indicator systems for development quality and ecological protection.Then,it calculated the development quality index and ecological protection index of each province(autonomous region)in the year 2020 by using entropy meth⁃od.It built a two⁃dimensional quadrant model of ecological protection and development quality with the national average development quality index and ecological protection index as the coordinate origin.Based on the distribution of each province(autonomous region)in the two⁃di⁃mensional quadrants,it determined the coordination status of ecological protection and high⁃quality development.The results show that there is significant variation in ecological protection and development quality among provinces(autonomous regions)in the Yellow River Basin,with prominent issues of imbalance and inadequacy.Using the national average development quality index and ecological protection index as benchmarks,considering a development quality index higher than the national average as high quality and an ecological protection index high⁃er than the national average as good ecological quality,the coordination status of ecological protection and high⁃quality development in the va⁃rious provinces(autonomous regions)of the Yellow River Basin is classified into four types of excellent ecology⁃high quality,excellent ecolo⁃gy⁃low quality,low ecology⁃low quality and low ecology⁃high quality.The results show that only Sichuan is in a relatively ideal state of excel⁃lent ecology⁃high quality,while the other provinces(autonomous regions)are in the three types of non⁃coordinated states of excellent ecolo⁃gy⁃low quality,low ecology⁃low quality and low ecology⁃high quality.Finally,it proposes the establishment of a long⁃term mechanism for the coordinated advancement of ecological protection and high⁃quality development in the Yellow River Basin,focusing on the six aspects of top⁃level strategic design,inter⁃provincial(autonomous regional)collaborative control,public participation,rigid constraints on ecological pro⁃tection,constraints on rights,responsibilities and interests and ecological compensation.