国外孤独症儿童预防诱拐技能训练研究综述

A Review of Overseas Researches on the Training of Abduction-Prevention Skills for Autistic Children

预防诱拐是孤独症儿童安全技能训练中不容忽视的内容。通过对国外关于孤独症儿童预防诱拐技能训练实证研究的归纳和梳理,发现国外关于孤独症儿童预防诱拐技能训练研究在研究对象上以低年级孤独症男生为主;在干预内容上,主要以成年陌生人作为诱拐者对孤独症儿童实施口头诱骗的形式进行技能训练;在干预效果方面,单一和综合的干预方法在孤独症儿童预防诱拐技能训练中均具有积极作用。未来应提高对孤独症儿童安全技能薄弱领域的关注和研究,加强对孤独症儿童心理理论的训练以提高其自身抵制诱拐的能力;增加学龄前及不同性别孤独症儿童的参与,以丰富被试特征;要重视家长在孤独症儿童预防诱拐技能训练中的参与。

Abduction-prevention is an important part of the safety skills training for autistic children.Through summarizing and combing the overseas empirical researches on the training of the skills of abduction-prevention of autistic children,this paper finds that the main subjects of these researches are mainly autistic boys in lower grades;in terms of content of intervention,they mainly use adult strangers as abductors to carry out skills training in the form of verbal luring to autistic children;in terms of intervention effect,both single and comprehensive intervention methods have positive effects on the training of abduction-prevention skills for autistic children.In the future,more attention should be paid to the areas where the safety skills of autistic children are weak,the psychological theory training of autistic children should be strengthened to improve their ability to resist abduction,and the participation of preschool children and autistic children of different genders should be increased to enrich the characteristics of the subjects.Finally,parents'participation in the skills training of autistic children to prevent abduction should be emphasized.