国内外主要碳定价机制发展现状分析

Analysis on the Development Status of Main Domestic and Foreign Carbon Pricing Mechanisms

随着越来越多的国家、地区和企业相继做出碳达峰碳中和承诺,碳排放问题引发社会各界广泛关注。碳定价通过对碳排放给予一定的价格信号,能够将碳排放成本内部化,从而有效解决碳排放问题。梳理了目前国内外主流的碳定价机制,并选取典型的碳交易和碳税机制进行分析,介绍了各个碳交易市场的覆盖范围、配额分配方式、交易模式以及碳税的征收标准和范围等,对我国进一步健全和完善碳定价机制,助力实现碳达峰碳中和目标,给出了相关建议。

As more and more countries,regions and enterprises have made carbon peak and carbon neutralization commitments,the problem of carbon emission has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.Carbon pricing can internalize the cost of carbon emission by giving a certain price signal to effectively solve the problem of carbon emission.This paper combs the current domestic and foreign mainstream carbon pricing mechanisms,analyzes typical carbon trading and carbon tax mechanisms,introduces the coverage,quota allocation mode and transaction mode of each carbon market,as well as the collection standard and scope of carbon tax.and provides relevant suggestions on further improving and perfecting the carbon pricing mechanism.