问题难度机理探析

Exploration on the Mechanism of Problem Difficulty

厘清问题的难度机理是基于问题实现考试等值需要解决的基础问题。通过分析已有研究成果,提出问题由场景、径态和本态3个要素构成,同场景异本态问题(S-类问题)和异场景同本态问题(E-类问题)是问题的基本类型,任何问题都有互为对偶问题的两种问题构造,通过界定S-类问题难度(S-难度)和E-类问题难度(E-难度)并建立其计量模型揭示了问题难度的机理。同时讨论了影响问题难度的因素及其形成机理。

Clarifying the difficulty mechanism of the problem is the basic problem that needs to be solved to realize the equivalence of the test based on the problem.On the base of results existed,this paper proposes that the problem is composed of three elements:scene,route state and essential state.The problem of different essential state in the same scene(S-type problem)and the problem of different scene in the same essential state(E-type problem)are the basic types of the problem.Any problem has two kinds of problem constructions that are mutually dual problems.The mechanism of the problem difficulty is revealed by defining the difficulty of S-type problem(S-difficulty)and the difficulty of E-type problem(E-difficulty)and establishing their measurement model.This paper also discusses the factors that affect the difficulty of problem and its formation mechanism.