超声新技术评估易损斑块的研究及应用进展

Advances in Study and Application of New Ultrasonic Techniques in Identification of Vulnerable Plaques

动脉粥样硬化是缺血性脑卒中的主要病因,而缺血性脑卒中的发生在很大程度上取决于动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂的倾向,因此评估易损斑块以预测、预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化一直是心血管疾病管理的重点和难点。超声成像是评估斑块形态和特征的一线技术且具有方便、经济的特点,然而传统的超声成像模式评估易损斑块具有一定局限性。随着近年来各种超声新技术的发展,根据影像学特征包括斑块内出血、斑块内新生血管形成、纤维帽厚度和富含脂质坏死核心对易损斑块进行风险分层,有望提高超声评估易损斑块的准确率。

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of ischemic stroke,which largely depends on the tendency of plaque rupture.Therefore,the assessment of vulnerable plaques to predict,prevent and treat atherosclerosis has been the focus and difficulty of cardiovascular disease management.Ultrasound imaging is a convenient and economical first-line technique for assessing plaque morphology and characteristics.However,the ability of traditional ultrasound imaging modalities to assess vulnerable plaques is limited.With the development of various new ultrasound technologies in recent years,the accuracy of ultrasound assessment of vulnerable plaques based on several imaging features,including intra-plaque hemorrhage,intra-plaque neovascularization,fibrous cap thickness and the presence of lipid-rich necrotic core,is expected to be improved.