基于典型案例的“双一流”建设高校科技成果转化特征与问题分析

Feature and Problem Analysis for Typical Cases-Based Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in“Double World-Class”Universities

促进科技成果转化是高校服务创新驱动发展的重要途径。“双一流”建设高校是我国高等教育最高水平的研究型大学群体,建设高校在首轮建设成效评价中遴选提供的科技成果转化典型案例,代表该群体推动科技成果转化的最高水平,以此为样本分析高校科技成果转化的形式、效果、存在问题,具有重要价值。在明确研究问题、确定研究样本基础上,采用内容分析方法,对367个典型案例呈现的研究型大学群体科技成果转化的总体特征和存在问题进行了分析。研究发现“双一流”建设高校科技成果转化以多主体合作为主,形式多样;成果转化的应用单位以非国有企业和中央企业为主,呈现多元化趋势;成果转化的产业流向以制造业为首,聚集度明显;成果转化效益表现为经济和社会效益等多种样态。存在的主要问题包括科技成果转化平台的专业支持不足、科技成果向企业开放共享力度不够、服务产业的流向分布不平衡及综合效益表现薄弱等。推动“双一流”建设高校科技成果转化水平的整体升级,提升校企协同效能,拓展辐射带动优势,加强精细化管理和专业化服务,是未来值得借鉴的改进方向。

Promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements(TSTA)is an important approach for universities to serve innovation-driven development.For“Double World-Class”Universities,a group of top-level research universities in Chinese higher education,typical cases provided by these universities in the first evaluation round of the construction effectiveness represent the highest level of TSTA.In this context,it is of great value to utilize these typical cases to discuss the forms,effects and problems of TSTA.On the basis of clarifying research problems and determining research samples,this paper adopts the content analysis technique to analyze the general features and problems of TSTA presented by 367 typical cases.This paper summarizes the following distinctive characteristics of TSTA in these universities:(1)Transfer modalities are various and dominated by multi-subject cooperation;(2)application institutions are diverse and dominated by non-state-owned enterprises and Chinese central state-owned enterprises;(3)application sectors are gathered and led by manufacturing industry;and(4)received conversion benefits are wide-ranging,including economic,social benefits and so on.Meanwhile,for“Double WorldClass”Universities,this paper observes that there are many problems including unprofessional support for transformation platforms,insufficient sharing to enterprises,imbalanced distribution of service industries,and weak benefits,etc.As for improvement directions that need attention in the future,it is crucial for TSTA in“Double World-Class”Universities to promote the overall upgrading,enhance the synergistic efficiency of universities and enterprises,expand the radiation-driven advantages,and strengthen the refined management and professional services.