外泌体对鼻咽癌细胞耐药的影响

Effects of Exosomes on Drug Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells

鼻咽癌是一种鳞状细胞癌,起源于鼻咽黏膜上皮,其致病机制非常复杂,临床治疗常以同步放化疗为主,但肿瘤细胞容易产生耐药性是治疗失败的关键因素。外泌体是人体内一种特殊的微囊泡,在人的体液中广泛存在,体积微小但内容物丰富,它含有多种活性物质(蛋白质、微RNA等),能启动细胞内相关信号通路,从而发挥重要的生物学作用。鼻咽癌细胞相关的外泌体可以通过改变肿瘤微环境影响细胞的耐药性,如促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移、血管新生、放射抵抗、化疗耐药以及免疫逃逸。在临床上,鼻咽癌细胞外泌体既可作为一种生物标志物,用于疾病的预防性筛查与诊断,也可作为靶向治疗的重要媒介,未来需深入研究。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a squamous cell carcinoma that originates from the epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.Its pathogenic mechanism is quite complicated.The clinical treatment is often based on concurrent chemoradiotherapy,but the generation of drug resistance of tumor cells is often the key factor for treatment failure.Exosomes are a special kind of microvesicles in the human body,which widely exist in human body fluids.They are small in size but rich in content.They contain a variety of active substances(proteins and microRNA etc.),which can activate related signaling pathways in cells and perform important biological functions.Nasopharyngeal cancer cell-associated exosomes can affect cell drug resistance by changing the tumor microenvironment,such as promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis,angiogenesis,radioresistance,chemotherapy resistance,immune escape,etc.Clinically,nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell exosomes can be used as a biomarker for preventive screening and diagnosis of the disease,as well as an important medium for the targeted therapy,and further research is needed in the future.