不同饮食成分及模式对2型糖尿病预防作用的研究进展

Research Progress in Effects of Different Dietary Components and Patterns in Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2型糖尿病(T2DM)持续高发是世界范围内面临的严重挑战。生活方式干预可以预防T2DM,饮食管理是生活方式干预的核心举措。传统营养学致力于对食物成分及营养素的探索,而近年来饮食模式受到广泛关注。地中海饮食、素食、间歇性禁食等模式与T2DM发生风险关系的诸多研究均显示出了积极意义,但也有部分研究结论存在争议,各饮食策略发挥预防T2DM效应的具体机制亦有待挖掘。如何为不同人群选择安全、有效的饮食方法,以达到有效预防T2DM的目的,是未来的重要研究方向。

The persistent high morbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a global challenge.Lifestyle intervention,the core measure of which is dietary management,could prevent T2DM.Traditional nutriology researches focus on food compositions and nutrients,while dietary patterns have attracted wide attention in recent years.Researches on links of T2DM risk with mediterranean diet,vegetarian diet,intermittent fasting,etc.come to positive conclusions while some conclusions are still controversial.Furthermore,the mechanisms of different dietary management methods to prevent T2DM are unclear.A safe and effective option for different populations so as to prevent T2DM effectively is an important research direction in the future.