中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在真菌感染中的作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Fungal Infections

中性粒细胞是一种参与宿主抗真菌免疫应答的固有免疫细胞,可通过吞噬、产生活性氧、脱颗粒、形成细胞外囊泡以及释放中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)等机制抵御真菌感染。NETs是一种中性粒细胞释放的由染色质纤维与抗菌蛋白形成的网状结构,可捕获并杀伤病原体。目前已在红色毛癣菌、疣状毛癣菌、烟曲霉、白色念珠菌、新生隐球菌等浅部及深部真菌感染过程中发现NETs,且关于其释放机制及功能等方面的研究已取得一定进展。未来可进一步研究NETs在其他真菌中的作用机制和免疫调节机制,为真菌感染的治疗提供科学依据。

Neutrophils are natural immune cells that participate in the host′s antifungal immune response and defend against fungal infections through mechanisms such as phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen species,degranulation,formation of extracellular vesicles and release of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).NETs are a kind of reticulated structure of chromatin fibres and antimicrobial proteins released by neutrophils that trap and kill pathogens.NETs have been identified in superficial and deep fungal infections such as Trichophyton rubrum,Trichophyton verrucosum,Aspergillus fumigatus,Candida albicans,and Cryptococcus neoformans,and some progress has been made in the study of their release mechanism and function.In the future,the mechanism of action and immunomodulation of NETs in other fungal species can be further investigated to provide scientific basis for the treatment of fungal infections.