儿童过敏性紫癜性肾炎发病机制及药物治疗的研究进展

Research Progress in Pathogenesis and Drug Treatment of Hypersensitive Purpura Nephritis in Children

过敏性紫癜是一种儿科常见的自身免疫性疾病,其特征为全身小血管炎,可造成皮肤紫癜、腹胀腹痛、关节肿痛、恶心呕吐、肾功能异常等,进而致病情加剧,导致过敏性紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)。目前,HSPN发病机制尚未明确,可能涉及基因易感性、机体免疫紊乱、炎症细胞因子作用、凝血及纤溶机制等。临床对于HSPN多以药物治疗为主,治疗药物主要包括糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂(环磷酰胺、环孢素A等)、免疫球蛋白、抗凝剂以及中药等,这些药物可有效控制患儿病情,缓解其临床症状。但部分药物的疗效仍需未来进一步研究明确,从而为疾病的治疗提供理论支持。

Hypersensitive purpura is a common autoimmune disease in pediatrics.It is characterized by systemic small vasculitis,which can cause skin purpura,abdominal distension and abdominal pain,joint swelling and pain,nausea and vomiting,abnormal renal function,etc.,and then exacerbate the disease,leading to hypersensitive purpura nephritis(HSPN).At present,the pathogenesis of HSPN is not yet clear,which may involve genetic susceptibility,immune disorders,the role of inflammatory cytokines,coagulation and fibrinolysis mechanisms,etc.In clinic,HSPN is mainly treated with drugs,including glucocorticoids,immunosuppressive drug(cyclophosphamide,cyclosporine A,etc.),immunoglobulins,anticoagulant,and traditional Chinese medicine.These drugs can effectively control the condition of the children and alleviate their clinical symptoms.However,the efficacy of some drugs still needs further research in the future to provide theoretical support for the treatment.