小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病双重调节中的研究进展

Advances in Bidirectional Regulation of Microglia in Alzheimer′s Disease

小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中发挥重要作用,具有免疫屏障和神经毒性因子调节功能,可调控神经炎症反应。神经病理条件下,小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经炎症中具有双重调节作用。一旦中枢神经系统发生损伤,小胶质细胞可迅速反应,并向经典的促炎M1表型或抗炎M2表型分化。一方面,小胶质细胞可降解β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ),减少Aβ沉积;另一方面,小胶质细胞可释放炎症因子,促进神经炎症以及Aβ和Tau病理的扩散。因此,未来深入研究小胶质细胞在AD双向调节中的功能,可以为AD的治疗提供新思路。

Microglia plays an important role in the central nervous system,acting as an immune barrier and a regulator of neurotoxic factors,and regulating neuroinflammatory responses.Under neuropathological conditions,microglia plays a dual role in the regulation of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer′s disease(AD).Once damage occurs,microglia responds quickly and differentiates into classic pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.On one hand,microglia degrades amyloidβ(Aβ)and reduces deposition;on the other hand,microglia releases inflammatory factors that promote neuroinflammation and the spread of Aβand Tau pathology.Therefore,further study on the function of microglia in the bidirectional regulation of AD may provide new ideas for the treatment of AD.