小儿肺炎的免疫学机制及治疗研究进展

Research Progress in Immunological Mechanism and Treatment of Pediatric Pneumonia

肺炎支原体感染可引起多样性的临床表现,小儿肺炎可能常继发于感冒或麻疹等病毒感染后,预后较差者疾病容易反复,影响患儿机体发育。小儿肺炎发病各阶段的免疫应答过程有所不同,小儿的营养状况、遗传素质等均受到相应影响。目前国内外对小儿肺炎免疫学机制的研究报道较少,对其具体发病机制的认识尚不一致,主要为体液免疫、细胞免疫以及细胞因子与免疫逃逸、气道高反应性等,目前小儿肺炎的治疗已由主要通过抗感染治疗过渡到现代免疫治疗以及免疫预防,但仍需不断研究与探索。

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can cause a variety of clinical manifestations.Children′s pneumonia may often be secondary to influenza or measles and other viral infections.Those with poor prognosis are prone to recurrence,affecting the development of the children′s body.The immune response process of children with pneumonia at different stages is different,and the nutritional status and genetic quality of children are affected accordingly.At present,there are few reports on the immunologic mechanism of pediatric pneumonia at home and abroad,and the understanding of its specific pathogenesis is still inconsistent,mainly including humoral immunity,cellular immunity,cytokines and immune escape,airway hyperresponsiveness,etc.At present,the treatment of pediatric pneumonia has transitioned from anti-infection treatment to modern immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis,but it still needs to be constantly studied and explored.