肠道菌群诱导结直肠癌发生的机制及治疗进展

Mechanisms and Treatment Progression of Gut Microflora inducing Colorectal Cancer

结直肠癌是世界范围内常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,多由息肉样腺瘤发展而来。这一过程被称为“腺瘤-癌”序列,环境因素在这一序列的发展过程中起重要作用。作为环境因素中的重要组成部分,肠道菌群在失调时可通过免疫反应、毒素作用、产生促进癌症发生的代谢产物等诱导或促进结直肠癌的发生。目前,利用肠道菌群进行结直肠癌的治疗是研究热点,调节失调的肠道菌群能够有效延缓结直肠癌的发生及进展。而调节饮食、口服益生菌及粪菌移植已成为调节肠道菌群失调的常用手段。未来,针对肠道菌群间的多中心临床研究以及从基因水平方面进行基础研究仍是结直肠癌防治工作探索的热点方向。

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in the world,mostly developed from polypoid adenomas.This process is known as the"adenoma-carcinoma"sequence.Environmental risk factors play an important role in the development of this sequence.As an important component of environmental factors,gut microflora can induce or promote colorectal cancer through immune responses,toxin action,production of metabolites that promote the occurrence of cancer.The use of gut microflora in the treatment of colorectal cancer is currently a research hotspot,and adjustment of the dysregulated gut microflora can effectively delay the onset and progression of colorectal cancer.Dietary adjustment,oral probiotics and fecal bacteria transplantation have become common approaches to modulate the dysregulation of gut microflora.In the future,multi-center clinical research of gut microflora and basic studies at the genetic level are still the hot topics in the exploration of the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.