外泌体在肿瘤研究中的作用

Role of Exosomes in Tumor Research

外泌体是近年新发现的一种可作为旁分泌因子转运载体的膜性囊泡,其内含物主要包括蛋白质、核酸物质和脂类等。正常细胞及肿瘤细胞均可产生外泌体,且通过外泌体进行细胞间信息交流,进而影响肿瘤的发生发展。肿瘤微环境中的细胞、肿瘤细胞以及血管内皮细胞等均可以膜融合、内吞以及与细胞表面受体结合的方式摄取外泌体,从而调控肿瘤细胞内核酸、蛋白质等物质的表达,影响肿瘤的发生、转移前微环境的形成、转移侵袭以及肿瘤免疫等。此外,肿瘤源性外泌体(TDEs)还可作为肿瘤早期诊断、预后判断的重要依据,指导肿瘤治疗。因此,深入研究TDEs与肿瘤发生发展的关系,可以为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新途径。

Exosomes are newly discovered membranous vesicles that can be used as paracrine factor transporters.Their contents mainly include proteins,nucleic and lipids,etc.Exosomes can be produced by both normal and tumor cells,and information exchange between cells through exosomes can influence the occurrence and development of tumors.Cells in the tumor microenvironment,tumor cells,and vascular endothelial cells take up exosomes by membrane fusion,endocytosis,and binding to cell surface receptors,thereby regulating the expression of nucleic acids,proteins and other substances in tumor cells,and affecting the occurrence of tumors,the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment,metastasis and invasion,and tumor immunity.In addition,tumor derived exosomes(TDEs)can be used as an important basis for early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors to guide tumor treatment.Therefore,in-depth study of the relationship between TDEs and tumorgenesis and development can provide a new way for tumor diagnosis and treatment.