情、礼之间的取舍:宋代士人为师制服的实践情形

The Choice between Emotion and Etiquette:On the Practice of Making Mourning Clothes for Teachers by Scholars in Song Dynasty

师丧无服,是《礼记》以礼约情的规范。这一规范,经郑玄注解后,师服为吊服加麻的无服制规范逐渐被学者认同。至唐官修《礼记正义》,官方继续对之认同。宋代,在师道复兴的影响下,士人为师制服的行为兴起,他们倾向于依师恩之深浅称情制服,所行师服并不一定是吊服加麻。至晚宋,朱熹一脉对吊服加麻服的关注及践行,呈现了依礼规范师服的尝试。要言之,宋代士人为师制服的诸多实践,显示出他们在情、礼之间的不同取舍。

The Book of Rites stipulates that there is no mourning system in the funeral after the teacher's death.This standard,after Zheng Xuan's annotations,wearing condolence clothes with linen belt in the funeral after the teacher's death had been recognized by Confucian scholars.In Tang Dynasty,the officials compiled the Explanatory Notes to Book of Rites and restressed the necessity of wearing condolence clothes with linen belt in the mourning practice for the masters.In Song Dynasty,under the influence of the Revival of Teachers'Taoism,scholars gradually began to make mourning clothes for teachers.They chose to make mourning clothes for the teachers on the basis of their depth of feelings towards the teachers.The practice of wearing condolence clothes with linen belt,however,was only one option of performing the ritual.In the late Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi's disciples presented an attempt to make a uniform standard for mourning clothes for teachers.In short,the practice of making mourning clothes for teachers by scholars in Song Dynasty,showed their different choices between emotion and etiquette.