电磁发射系统研究现状及应用展望

Research status and application prospects ofelectromagnetic launch system

电磁发射系统作为一种新型发射装置,具有发射速度高、动能大、可控性好、能量转化效率高等特点。通过对电磁发射系统研发历史和当前进展的梳理,反映了其技术难点和未来趋势。根据电磁发射系统的原理结构和使用场景,总结了其在轨道发射、线圈发射和电磁弹射等典型应用方面的技术原理和优缺点,进一步提炼了能量存储、动力调节、发射装置、顶层控制和新复合材料五个方面关键技术,并分别介绍了国内外学者在锂电池/超级电容/超导磁储能等储能新技术、多级拓扑下脉冲电源开关控制、电磁轨道炮和电磁线圈炮发射装置寿命分析、电磁发射状态监测/故障诊断预测以及复合新材料等方面研究的最新进展。在此基础上,概括了民用飞机电磁发射、多目标任务电磁发射、感应式线圈枪、火箭卫星发射、电磁弹射微重力环境落塔等应用场景的研究进展和应用效益,以期为电磁发射系统的研制设计提供参考。

As a new type of the launcher device,the electromagnetic launch system has many characteristics,such as higher speed,greater kinetic energy,better controllability,and higher conversion efficiency of energy.This paper reflects some technical difficulties and future trends through the combing of research history and current progress of electromagnetic launch system.According to the principal structure and application scenarios of electromagnetic launch system,this paper summarizes the theory,advantages,and disadvantages of the typical systems,such as orbital launch system,coil launch system,and electromagnetic ejection system.The key technologies of energy storage,power regulation,launch device,top-level control,and new composite materials are further refined.In addition,this paper introduces the latest research progress at home and abroad of new energy storage technologies based on lithium battery/supercapacitor/superconducting magnetism,pulse power switch control of multi-level topology,device life analysis of electromagnetic orbital and electromagnetic coil weapons,condition monitoring and troubleshooting of electromagnetic launch and composite new materials.On this basis,the research progress and application benefits of the application scenarios such as the electromagnetic launch of civil aircraft and multi-objective task,inductive coil weapons,satellite launch and microgravity drop tower of electromagnetic ejection are summarized,with a view to providing a reference for the development and design of the electromagnetic launch system.