光伏电站项目全生命周期碳排放研究

Study on Carbon Emissions Throughout the Entire Lifecycle of Photovoltaic Power Station Projects

“双碳”战略背景下,光伏发电进入大规模爆发式增长阶段。传统研究多以末端清洁电力为视角,本文延伸至全生命周期,全面系统地研究光伏电站项目的碳排放。经实例核算,光伏电站全生命周期碳排放量为0.26 kg/(kW·h)。主要影响因素有两点,一是光伏组件及支架生产,尤其是多晶硅、工业硅与组件生产环节,二是废弃物回收利用。多晶硅生产工艺改良、节能环保材料替代、废弃物回收利用技术攻关是光伏产业低碳化发展的重要路径。

Under the background of the“dual carbon”strategy,photovoltaic power generation has entered a stage of large-scale explosive growth.Traditional research often takes the perspective of terminal clean electricity,and this paper extends to the entire lifecycle to comprehensively and systematically study the carbon emissions of photovoltaic power plant projects.Through example calculation,the carbon emissions of photovoltaic power plants throughout their entire lifecycle are 0.26 kg/(kW·h).There are two main influencing factors,one is the production of photovoltaic modules and brackets,especially in the production process of polycrystalline silicon,industrial silicon,and modules,and the other is waste recycling.Improving the production process of polycrystalline silicon,replacing energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials,and tackling key issues in waste recycling and utilization technologies are important paths for the low-carbon development of the photovoltaic industry.