生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼衔接困境及其破解

On Dilemma and Solution of Connection between Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation Litigation and Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼的衔接困境,直接原因在于立法模式缺陷和法律规范缺失的立法层面,间接原因在于原告主体未明确、归责原则不明确和磋商程序不完善的司法层面。破解“两诉”衔接之困境,首先,必须明确“两诉”之间为一般与特殊的关系,且二者诉权都来源于生态环境利益主体的不特定性;其次,应当针对《最高人民法院关于审理生态环境损害赔偿条件的若干规定(试行)》中“两诉”衔接规定进行规范优化,并且应以在环境法典设立专章的方式统合“两诉”法律规范;再次,应当明确行政机关提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼原告资格的方式,建立证据共享机制和损害赔偿磋商公告制度。

The direct cause of the connection dilemma between the ecological environmental damage compensation lawsuit and the environmental civil public interest lawsuit lies in the legislative level defects of the legislative model and the legal norm.Meanwhile the indirect reason lies in the unclear judicial aspect of the plaintiff′s main body,the unclear imputation principle and the imperfect consultation procedure.In order to solve the problems,first of all,it must be clear that the relationship between the"two lawsuits"is general and special,and that both rights of action come from the non-specificity of the subject of environmental interests.Secondly,we should standardize and optimize the cohesion according to the provisions on handling cases of ecological damage compensation released by The Supreme People′s Court,and integrate the legal norms by establishing a special chapter in the environmental code.Thirdly,we should make clear the way for administrative organs to file the plaintiff qualification of ecological environmental damage compensation litigation.In addition,we should establish evidence sharing mechanism and a consultative announcement system for damages.