居家式康养旅游与民族“三交”:巴马“候鸟人”民族互嵌社区研究

Home-based Health Tourism and Ethnic"Three Crossings":A Study on the Interbedded Communities of Bama's"Migratory Bird People"Ethnic Groups

旅游推动各民族广泛交流、跨区域流动,是促进各民族交往交流交融的重要载体。通过对广西巴马瑶族自治县甲篆镇坡月村的田野调查,发现“候鸟人”被巴马长寿文化和自然生态环境所吸引,到此进行居家式康养旅游,出现了一种独特的“村中城”现象。“候鸟人”与当地壮、汉、瑶等各民族通过“在一起”实现了空间互嵌与融入、经济互利与互惠、文化共享与共建和情感认同与归属,在生态与生命之中找到了交融的共同性,使坡月村逐渐发展形成交融共生的民族互嵌社区,为旅游促进各民族交往交流交融提供一个生动范例。

Tourism is not only an economic activity,but also a cultural activity.It promotes extensive exchanges and cross-regional mobility among ethnic groups,and is an important carrier for promoting exchanges and integration among ethnic groups.In recent years,with the development of tourism,some ethnic minority areas have become popular tourist destinations,attracting tourists from different regions and cultural backgrounds.One of these areas is Poyue Village,Bama Yao Autonomous County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,which is famous for its longevity culture and natural ecological environment.Poyue Village is located in the southwest of Bama County,with a population of about 2953 people.It is mainly inhabited by the Zhuang ethnic group,with a small number of Han and Yao people.The village has a long history and rich cultural heritage,especially the longevity culture,which is regarded as a treasure by the local people.The village also boasts a beautiful natural environment,with mountains,rivers,caves,forests and hot springs.The climate is mild and pleasant,suitable for living and recuperating.In recent years,Poyue Village has attracted many tourists from other places,especially from urban areas.They are called"migratory birds"by the locals,because they come to the village in winter to escape the cold and pollution of the city,and return to the city in summer.They are mainly elderly people who are retired or semi-retired,and have a relatively high income and education level.They choose to live in Poyue Village for a long time,usually renting or buying houses from the locals.They enjoy the home-based health tourism here,which includes eating local food,drinking spring water,breathing fresh air,exercising in nature,participating in local festivals and activities,learning local culture and customs,and making friends with local people.The"migratory birds"and the local ethnic groups have formed a close relationship through living and entertainment"together".They have realized the spatial embedding and integration by sharing the same living space and public facilities.They have achieved economic mutual benefit and reciprocity by cooperating in building houses,renting rooms,providing services and purchasing goods.They have also realized cultural sharing and construction by learning from each other's languages,religions,arts,values and lifestyles.Through these interactions,they have developed emotional identity and belonging to each other,and have found common ground in ecology and life.As a result,Poyue Village has gradually formed a national interbedded community that features blending symbiosis among different ethnic groups.The communication and integration between"migratory birds"and local ethnic groups reflects a mode of ethnic relations that features diversified coexistence and harmonious coexistence.It shows that tourism can promote the mutual understanding,respect and appreciation among different ethnic groups,and enhance their sense of national unity and social harmony.This paper summarizes the characteristics and significance of Poyue Village as a national interbedded community,as well as its enlightenment for tourism to promote the communication and integration of various ethnic groups.