论马克思主义劳动观的三重维度及其“两个结合”实践指向

Three Dimensions of Marxist Labor Concept and Practical Direction of “Two Combinations”

梳理马克思主义劳动观的思想内核,有助于回应当前理论和实践领域在劳动问题研究中的困惑。人类学意义上的劳动是马克思主义劳动观的第一个层面,它的基本观点是劳动创造了人和人类社会,是马克思主义在劳动问题上的世界观。以资产阶级私有制为代表的私有制社会形式下的劳动是马克思主义劳动观的第二个层面。在私有制社会形式下,私人劳动和社会劳动相矛盾,劳动成为异化劳动,并被赋予了意识形态外壳,这是马克思主义在劳动问题上的社会观。解放意义上的劳动,则是马克思主义劳动观的第三个层面,是马克思主义在劳动问题上的价值观。劳动的解放要求社会革命,只有摆脱了社会形式与人的矛盾,在自由人的联合体之中,劳动才会成为人的第一需要。马克思主义劳动观的价值和意义必须要在实践中理解,其生命力与解释力在于与中国具体实际相结合,与中华优秀传统文化相结合。

Sorting out the ideological core of Marxist labor concept helps to respond to the confusion on labor issues in current society and theoretical fields.The labor in its anthropological sense embodies the Marxist worldview on labor issues.Its basic viewpoint is that labor creates people and human society.At the second dimension,the labor under the form of private ownership society represented by bourgeois private ownership embodies the social perspective of Marxism on labor issues.In private ownership society,private labor and social labor are contradictory,and labor becomes alienated and is endowed with an ideological shell.At the third dimension,labor in the sense of emancipation embodies the Marxist view of value on labor issues.The emancipation of labor requires social revolution.Only by breaking free from the contradiction between social form and human beings,and in the union of free individuals,can labor become the first need of human beings.The value and significance of Marxist labor concept must be understood in practice,and its vitality and explanatory power lie in its combination with China s specific reality and excellent traditional culture.