中国人口负增长的现状、挑战及对策研究

Negative Population Growth in China:Current Situation,Challenges and Countermeasures

在经济发展、政策调整和社会文化变迁等多重因素影响下,我国面临着人口自然增长率降至负值的现象。本文探讨了我国人口负增长的现状、挑战及对策。我国人口负增长具有出生率下降、老龄化加剧、劳动力减少、性别比例失衡等特点,且经济发达地区面临的人口负增长压力较大。人口负增长带来了一系列社会经济和文化挑战,诸如养老金压力、劳动力市场变化、性别比例失衡等。全球典型国家和地区在应对人口负增长方面有诸多实践,主要集中于促进生育、鼓励移民和提升福利的政策。通过借鉴国外应对人口负增长的成功案例及政策措施,对于我国人口负增长的对策建议包括调整和创新人口政策、加强社会保障体系建设以及改革经济结构和发展模式,以期为我国人口负增长问题和制定相关政策提供参考。

Under the influence of multiple factors such as economic development,policy adjustment,and socio-cultural changes,China is facing negative population growth.This study explores the current situation,challenges and countermeasures of negative population growth in China,which is characterized by declining birth rates,intensified aging,reduced labor force,and imbalanced sex ratios,with economically developed areas facing greater pressure.Negative population growth brings a series of socio-economic and cultural challenges,such as pension pressures,labor market changes,and imbalanced sex ratios.Typical countries and regions have accumulated certain practices in dealing with negative population growth,mainly focusing on policies to promote fertility,attracting immigrants,and improving welfare.Drawing on successful cases and policy practices in response to negative population growth in foreign countries,the countermeasures suggested for China include adjusting and innovating population policies,strengthening the social security system,and reforming the economic structure and development model,with the aim of providing reference for addressing China s negative population growth issues and formulating relevant policies.