高学历女青年的婚姻、生育与家庭结构研究——基于北京东城区人口普查数据(2010-2020)的比较分析

Marriage,Fertility and Family Structure of Highly Educated Female Youth——A Comparative Analysis Based on the Census of Dongcheng District in Beijing(2010-2020)

保持适度生育水平和人口规模是人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化的必然要求。1999年我国高校扩招以来,大学及以上学历的女青年明显增多,她们将重塑女青年婚育观念与行为的整体格局。研究发现,高学历女青年婚育推迟更加明显,其晚婚晚育行为具有时间压缩式的赶超型特征,她们在35-39岁实现了有配偶比例和已生育比例对低学历女青年的反超。婚育状态与家庭结构之间存在紧密联系,年龄、学历、工作状况和人群类型对女青年的婚育状态和家庭结构均有重要影响。因此,应根据女青年的学历、工作状况、婚育状态、家庭结构和人群类型等多维特征,秉持针对性、差异化、协同性和系统化兼备的原则,加快建立健全具有中国特色的婚育支持与家庭建设相融合的政策体系。

Maintaining moderate fertility level and population size is the inevitable requirement of high-quality population development supporting Chinese path to modernization.Since the expansion of college enrollment in China at the end of the last century,the number of female youths with college degrees or above has increased significantly,which will reshape the overall pattern of female youth s concept and behavior of marriage and childbearing.It is found that the delay of marriage and childbearing among highly educated young women is more obvious,and their late marriage and late childbearing behavior has the characteristics of time compression.In a short period of time at the age of 35-39,their proportion of getting married and childbearing surpasses that of the lower educated female.There is a close connection between marriage and childbearing status and family structure,which are influenced by such factors as age,educational background,working status and population type.Therefore,a policy system supporting marriage and childbearing integrated with family construction should be established and improved,observing the principles of pertinence,differentiation,coordination and systematization,according to young women s educational background,working status,status of marriage and childbearing,family structure and type of population.