中国教育评价改革的制度变迁:脉络、逻辑与路向

Institutional Change of China‘s Educational Evaluation Reform:Veins,Logic and Direction

教育评价制度改革是教育评价改革的重要组成部分,是关乎教育高质量发展的关键命题。新中国成立以来我国教育评价制度先后经历了由主要指向政治到同时兼顾政治与经济再到顾全政治、经济和人本的横向发展时期,现正迈上价值整合下的纵深发展道路。整个制度变迁历程并非随机展开,而是宏观上受政治体制、经济制度、文化观念等深层结构因素的影响,中观上呈现出较强的路径依赖特征,微观上受行动者利益博弈和经验学习的驱动。未来教育评价制度应依循制度变迁的多重逻辑,以原则锁定为要旨,在守住“内在规定”的基础上把握“外在契机”;以过程调控为重点,在侧重“历史继承”的基础上寻求“现状突破”;以主体激活为抓手,在强化“统一规范”的基础上突出“自主创新”。

The reform of the education evaluation system is an important component of the education evaluation reform and a key proposition related to the high-quality development of education.Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,China’s education evaluation system has gone through a period of horizontal development,from mainly focusing on politics to simultaneously balancing politics and economy,and then to considering politics,economy,and people--oriented aspects.It is now embarking on a deep development path under value integration.The entire process of institutional change is not randomly unfolding,but is influenced by deep--seated structural factors such as political system,economic system,and cultural concepts at the macro level,and shows strong path--dependent characteristics on the medium level,while it is driven by actors’interest game and experience learning on the micro level.The future education evaluation system should follow the multiple logic of institutional change,with principle locking as the main thrust,and grasp the“external opportunities”while adhering to the"intermal regulations";focusing on process regulation,seeking a“breakthrough in the current situation”on the basis of emphasizing“historical inheritance”;using subject activation as the starting point,highlighting“independent innovation”on the basis of strengthening“unified standards.”