沈从文与“五四”新文化精神

Shen Congwen and the New Cultural Spirit of the May 4th Movement

作为镜像的“五四”新文化对沈从文的理想生命形态与人格养成产生了深远的影响。沈从文的新文化观是一种动态发展观,其依据则是从“五四”时期科学理性精神与现代病理意识所衍生出来的“健康”意识。“健康的文学”观念是对“五四”时期“人的文学”观念的继承与发挥。从“健康”出发,他提出了“工具重造”与“国家重造”的观念。他始终把改造国民性、重造民族国家的重任系于文学一端,这既彰显了其纯粹不凡之处,又体现了其思想的局限性。沈从文及其创作是“五四”新文化的产儿,它们本身又构成了新文化“历史建构”的重要一环。

The new culture of the May 4th Movement as a mirror image has exerted a profound impact on Shen Congwen's concept of ideal life form and the cultivation of his personality.Shen's view on new culture of the May 4th Movement has evolved in a dynamic way,based on the consciousness of “ soundness” derived from the spirit of scientific reasoning and the modern pathological consciousness during the May 4th period,and his concept of “sound literature” has been inherited from and developed on the basis of the concept of “human literature” during the May 4th Movement.Centering on the concept of “soundness”,he put forward the concepts of “reconstruction of devices” and“reconstruction of the nation”,adhering to the importance of literature in national personality transformation and national reconstruction,which demonstrates not only his perseverance and brilliance,but also some limitations of his ideas.Shen's literary concepts and his works have been generated from the new culture of the May 4th Movement,and they have also formed an important part in the “historical construction” of the new culture itself.