女书非遗传承人语言能力标准构建

The Construction of Language Profi ciency Criteria for Inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Nüshu

女书习俗是第一批中国国家级非物质文化遗产之一,其代表性项目知识是女书和土话,传承核心技艺是与女书非遗相关的语言能力。为解决女书习俗失真、失传的问题,提升女书非遗传承人的语言能力,需要构建科学、系统、具体、可行的语言能力标准。女书非遗传承人语言能力标准可从女书标准语言知识、女书社会语言能力、女书职业语言能力、女书艺术语言能力4个维度构建基本框架,等级可以按非遗“县级、市级、省级、国家级”的层级划分,借鉴以《欧洲语言共同参考框架:学习、教学、评估》标准为代表的“能做”模式,对每个等级进行总体和具体描述。构建女书非遗传承人语言能力标准,对缓解以女书习俗为代表的语言类非遗的传承危机有普适意义,将为评估、培养语言类非遗传承人提供标准参照,有利于提高语言类非遗传承人的实践水平和传承能力,也是语言文字规范标准建设向非遗领域延伸的有益探索。

With Nüshu characters and the local dialect as its representative knowledge,the Nüshu customs are recognised in the first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritages in China.Therefore,the core skill of inheritance is the Nüshu inheritors’language proficiency.In order to solve the problem of the loss of authenticity and transmission of the Nüshu customs and to improve the language proficiency of Nüshu inheritors,it is necessary to construct scientific,systematic,detailed,and feasible language proficiency criteria.The language proficiency criteria for Nüshu inheritors can be constructed in a framework with four dimensions:standard linguistic knowledge,sociolinguistic proficiency,domain-specific language proficiency,and artistic language proficiency,and classified according to the levels of intangible cultural heritage,i.e.,county-level,city-level,provincial-level,and national-level.Each level is defined and described with reference to the standards of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages:Learning,Teaching,Assessment.The construction of language proficiency criteria for Nüshu inheritors is of universal significance to alleviate the inheritance crisis of linguistic intangible cultural heritages.It is hoped that such a construction will provide standard reference for the evaluation and training of linguistic intangible cultural inheritors,improve the practice and inheritance capacity of linguistic intangible cultural inheritors,and explore the extension of the construction of linguistic normative standards to thefield of intangible cultural heritage.