城乡经济不平衡视域下市场化改革经济效应的测度与分析——基于共同富裕的视角

Measure and analysis of the economic effect of market reform from the perspective of urban and rural economic imbalance——From the perspective of common prosperity

共同富裕与我国城乡经济发展存在密切联系,推进城乡共同富裕进程是实现共同富裕的关键环节之一,城乡差距的缩小、城乡关系的演变、城乡矛盾的解决直接影响着我国共同富裕的战略布局。要实现我国经济社会共同富裕的美好愿景,必须着力解决城乡经济发展不协调、差距过大的问题,强调城镇化模式的包容性,缩小城乡居民在收入水平、财产积累与公共服务获得等方面的现实差距。社会主义市场经济体制在城乡经济发展过程中如何发挥经济治理效能,呈现何种结构化特征?利用结构方程模型分析市场化改革对城乡经济发展的影响,结果表明:要素市场发育、缩小政府规模和减少商品市场上的地方保护均能加深城乡经济不平衡程度,而其余市场化改革举措则有利于降低城乡经济不平衡程度。可见,我国市场化改革的不同举措对城乡经济发展的影响存在差异,当存在“政府失灵”和“市场失灵”时,市场化改革会对城乡经济的协调发展产生不利影响。

Common prosperity is closely related to the economic development of urban and rural areas in China.Advancing the process of common prosperity in urban and rural areas is one of the key links to achieve common prosperity.The narrowing of the gap between urban and rural areas,the evolution of urban and rural relations,and the resolution of urban and rural contradictions directly affect the strategic layout of common prosperity in China.In order to realize the beautiful vision of common economic and social prosperity in China,we must focus on solving the problems of urban-rural economic gap,uncoordination and imbalance,emphasizing the inclusiveness of the urbanization model,and narrowing the realistic gap between urban and rural residents in terms of income level,property accumulation and access to public services.The No.1 Central Document in 2023 stressed that it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanisms and policy systems for the integrated development of urban and rural areas,and smooth the flow of urban and rural factors.At present,China's market-oriented reform in both urban and rural areas has a long way to go;the market for free interaction between urban and rural elements has not been fully formed;the property rights basis of some elements is unclear;there are administrative power intervention and lack of competition;urban capital and talents are limited to enter the rural sector,and the rural land market-oriented transaction system is not perfect.As well as the excessive intervention of individual local governments on rural land use,it is the performance of the imperfect urban and rural factor market system that will further deepen the degree of urban and rural economic imbalance.To follow the “development path” of urban and rural integration,we must seize key links,improve institutions and mechanisms,promote the construction of a new pattern of urban and rural integrated development,and accelerate the realization of a new pattern of common prosperity in urban and rural areas.From the historical context of China's urban and rural market-oriented reform,the early urban and rural market-oriented reform mainly focused on product market and production organization.In recent years,it mainly focused on urban and rural factor market reform.Since the establishment of the socialist market economy system in China in 1992,what is the influence of different aspects of market reform on the economic imbalance between urban and rural areas? Are there any differences between them? How does the socialist market economy system exert the effect of economic governance in the process of urban and rural economic development,and what structural characteristics does it show? That's our main focus.The structural equation model is used to analyze the impact of market reform on urban and rural economic development.The results show that the development of factor markets,the reduction of the size of government,and the reduction of local protection in commodity markets all deepen the degree of urban-rural economic imbalance,while the other market-oriented reform measures are conducive to reducing the degree of urban-rural economic imbalance.It can be seen that different aspects of China's market-oriented reform have different effects on urban and rural economic development.When there is “government failure” and “market failure”,market reform will have a negative impact on the coordinated development of urban and rural economy.To achieve the common prosperity of urban and rural areas,it is necessary to establish a governance system and mechanism that is compatible with the attributes of urban and rural resources,the behavior characteristics of economic subjects and the property rights system,and consider the diversity and complexity of governance practices under the decentralized political system.It is necessary to establish and improve a long-term governance mechanism that can maintain the dynamic balance of urban and rural economies and complement their functions,attach importance to the full combination of bureaucratic governance and market governance,and accelerate the market-oriented reform of urban and rural factors.The first is to establish a two-way convection balance mechanism for urban and rural human resources.The second is to establish a mechanism for rational flow and exchange of urban and rural capital.The third is to build a unified urban and rural property rights system and market system.