泾渭秦墓出土玉器研究

A study of the jade and stone artefacts discovered from the Qin tombs in the Jing-wei region

泾渭秦墓是春秋战国时期分布于关中地区泾渭之间的一处平民墓地。本文通过对泾渭秦墓出土玉器的形制与功能分类,结合墓葬形制、时代及随葬品情况,对用玉等级、性别差异等问题进行了分析讨论,并与周边地区秦墓出土玉器进行了比较研究。春秋晚期随着秦人势力不断东扩,玉器的分布从宝鸡地区向咸阳地区转移。同时,随着旧秩序的打破,平民墓中随葬玉器的比例提高,其中除了等级意义外,还附带其他社会信息。对泾渭秦墓出土玉器的研究,不仅有助于了解东周时期秦国平民的玉器随葬习俗,还为研究当时社会、政治生活提供了重要资料。

The Jingwei Qin cemetery is a commoner's burial site from the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period located between the Jing and Wei Rivers in the Guanzhong region.This article analyzes and discusses issues related to the classification of the forms and functions of jade artifacts unearthed from the Jingwei Qin cemetery.It combines evidence from burial structures,chronology,and burial artefact assemblage,and discusses questions concerning the rank of jade usage and gender differences.It also compares these findings with jade artifacts unearthed from Qin tombs in surrounding regions.During the late Spring and Autumn period,as Qin influence expanded eastward,the distribution of jade artifacts shifted from the Baoji to Xianyang regions.Simultaneously,with the disruption of the old order,the proportion of jade artifacts buried in commoners’tombs increased,providing not only insights into social hierarchy but also other societal information of the time.The study of jade artifacts from the Jingwei Qin cemetery not only helps us understand the burial customs of commoners in the Qin state during the Eastern Zhou period but also provides valuable data for studying the society and political life of that era.