中国地方政府环境责任履行水平测度及其时空演变

Measurement and spatio‑temporal evolution of local governments’environmental responsibilities in China

通过构建地方政府环境责任履行水平评价指标体系,测度和研究2008—2020年中国地级市政府环境责任履行水平并分析其时空演变、区域差异和空间关联。该研究基于习近平生态文明思想,从政府环境责任的内涵出发综合利用改进熵权法测算地方政府环境责任履行情况,对指标体系进行信效度检验确保指标体系的一致性和有效性;采用Dagum基尼系数分解法揭示地方政府环境责任履行水平的区域差异以及来源,并运用核密度估计法分析地方政府环境责任水平的时空演化趋势,借助莫兰指数揭示地方政府环境责任水平的空间关联。结果表明:①研究期内,中国地方政府的环境责任履行水平总体呈现波动上升的趋势,且具有明显的两阶段性特征。②区域层面的地方政府环境责任履行水平呈现“东部领跑,中、西、东北地区追随”的空间特征,城市层面的地方政府环境责任履行水平大致呈现波动上升趋势。③地方政府环境责任的地区差异呈现逐渐缩小趋势;东部、东北和中部地区与全国呈现相反趋势,西部与全国趋势一致,其差异主要来源于超变密度贡献率。④地方政府环境责任水平具有正向空间外溢性,大部分中国地方政府环境责任水平存在“低-低”和“高-高”的空间集聚特征。该评价指标体系有助于客观衡量地方政府履行环境责任水平,对地方政府清晰定位自身水平,充分发挥其环境治理体系中的主导作用,进而掌握环境利益和经济利益之间的相互协调关系,反映社会参与和环境优化的同步发展水平及其变化趋势,协同推进生态文明纵深发展具有重要的现实意义。

By constructing an evaluation index system for the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities,this study measured and examined the spatio-temporal evolution,regional differences,and spatial correlations of the performance of Chinese prefecture-level city governments’environmental responsibilities from 2008 to 2020.Firstly,based on President Xi Jinping’s thoughts on ecological civilization for a new era and the underlying principles of government environmental responsibilities,this study used the improved entropy weight method to examine the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities and conducted reliability and validity tests to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of the index system.The Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method was used to reveal the regional differences and sources of the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities.This study also used the kernel density estimation method to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution trend of the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities and Moran’s I index to reveal the spatial correlations of the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities.The results showed that:①During the study period,the performance of the Chinese local governments’environmental responsibilities generally fluctuated upward and had prominent two-stage characteristics.②At the regional level,the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities showed a spatial pattern of‘leading in the eastern region and followed by the central,western,and northeastern regions.’At the municipal level,it showed a generally fluctuating upward trend.③Regional differences in local governments’environmental responsibilities illustrated a gradually decreasing trend.The eastern,northeastern,and central regions exhibited a trend opposite to that of the whole country,while the western region exhibited a consistent one.The differences were mainly due to the contribution rate of hypervariable density.④The performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities had positive spatial spillover,and most Chinese local governments showed‘low-low’and‘high-high’spatial agglomeration characteristics.The evaluation indicator system is conducive to the objective measurement of the performance of local governments’environmental responsibilities.It can help local governments clarify their own positioning and fully exert their leading role in the local environmental governance system.It can also allow them to facilitate mutual coordination between the environment and the economy.The indicator system reflects the synchronized development and changing trend of social participation and environmental optimization and has practical significance in synergistically promoting the coordinated development of ecological civilization.