高寒地区水电开发植被恢复策略探讨

Vegetation Restoration Strategies for Hydropower Development in Alpine Areas

在“双碳”目标的大背景下,青藏高原将是我国水电开发的重点区域;同时,青藏高原又是我国重要的生态屏障和典型的生态脆弱区,植被一旦被破坏,恢复过程非常缓慢。为缓解青藏高原区域水电开发与植被保护的矛盾,以澜沧江西藏境内河段某水电站为例,根据工程的施工布置及植物的垂直性地带分布情况,分4种区域提出有针对性的植被恢复策略:在干暖河谷区筛选耐旱耐贫瘠植物种,配合土壤改良、土壤保墒措施及必要的人为养护措施;在高寒灌丛区优先通过移栽的方式构建耐寒的灌丛群落,林下进行人工草地构建,并配套保温越冬措施;在高寒暗针叶林区根据施工扰动程度实施就地保护和移栽保护的恢复策略;在高寒草甸区通过草皮层剥离、养护、回植以及人工草地构建进行植被恢复。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be the key area for hydropower development in China with the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.At the same time,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important ecological barrier and fragile area in China.Once vegetation is destroyed,the recovery process is very slow.To relieve the contradiction between hydropower development and vegetation protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas,the paper proposed targeted vegetation restoration strategies in four different regions based on the construction layout of projects and the vertical distribution of plants,taking a hydropower station in the river section of Tibet of Lancang River as an exam-ple.In the dry and warm river valley,we should select drought-enduring and barren-tolerant plants and implement soil improvement and soil moisture conservation measures and necessary artificial conservation measures.In alpine shrubland regions,we should construct cold-resist-ant shrub communities by transplanting and construct artificial grassland under the forest with heat preservation and overwintering measures.In alpine dark coniferous forest regions,we should implement on-site protection and transplanting protection restoration strategies based on the degree of construction disturbance.In alpine meadows regions,we should implement vegetation restoration through divot stripping,maintai-ning,replanting,and constructing artificial grasslands.