金批《水浒》的结构主义思维

The Structuralist Thinking of Jin Shengtan-commented Version of Water Margin

金圣叹评点《水浒传》早于结构主义三百多年,却已经有了结构主义思想萌芽:他以文本为先,提出“因文生事”,其作者观也在小说“历代成书”的客观条件下显现出“修辞作者”的意味。并且,他从整体性角度对文本元素进行解读,点明它们在整个系统中处于何种地位,担负何种作用,以此将每个细节都处理成有机整体的一环。最后,他为文本大结构所设计的“章法”也展现了一定的逻辑原则,包括联结、平衡、对称、变形等。通过以上方法,金圣叹逐渐搭建起了属于他的小说文法系统。

Jin Shengtan’s comment on Water Margin was more than 300 years earlier than structuralism,but it already had the germination of structuralism thought:he takes text as the first,and puts forward that“things happen because of text”,and his view of authorship also shows the sense of“rhetorical author”under the objective condition that the novel is“written in the past dynasties”.Moreover,he interprets the elements of the text from a holistic perspective,pointing out their position and role in the whole system,so as to deal with every detail as a part of the organic whole.Finally,the"art of composition"he designed for the large structure of the text also shows certain logical principles,including connection,balance,symmetry and deformation.Through the above methods,Jin Shengtan gradually built up his novel comment system.