基于奥康纳涌现观对金在权还原物理主义的探讨——兼评自主体因果力在自由意志论争中的作用

An Inquiry into Jaekwon Kim’s Reductive Materialism Based on O’Connor’s View of Emergence:A Review of the Role of Agent-Causal Power in the Free Will Debate

涌现属性是自由意志的还原物理主义与非还原物理主义之争中的焦点。金在权认为,涌现属性可预测且不具备下向因果效力。奥康纳提出的动态涌现和自主体因果力理论可以用来回应金在权的质疑。从动态涌现的观点来看,不可预测性并非涌现属性的本质特征。自主体因果力理论则通过自主体与因果力的结合,有效论证了涌现属性的下向因果效力。此外,自主体因果力理论为非还原物理主义相较还原物理主义更具合理性的论证提供了强有力的支持,同时能够应对自然主义对物理主义身心二元化的质疑,是一条解决自由意志论争的可行路径。

The emergent properties are at the center of the debate between reductive materialism and non-reductive materialism of free will.Jaegwon Kim argues that the emergent properties are predictable and do not have downward causal efficacy.Theories of dynamic emergence and agent-causal power proposed by O’Connor can be used to respond to his questioning.From the dynamic emergence viewpoint,unpredictability is not an essential feature of emergent properties.On the other hand,the theory of agent-causal power effectively argues for the downward causal efficacy of the emergent properties through the combination of agent and causal power.Moreover,the theory of agent-causal power provides strong support for the plausibility of non-reducible materialism in comparison to reducible materialism and could address the naturalistic challenge to the mind-body dichotomy,therefore,it is a viable path to resolve the free-will debate.