对王阳明“物”的生存论现象学诠释

Existential Interpretation of Wang Yangming’s“Thing”

依循牟宗三对王阳明“从明觉之感应说物”与“从意之所用说物”的区分,借助海德格尔的生存论现象学方法,分析和诠释阳明学中的两种“物”。首先通过阐释“心外无物”绽露“在生存世界中存在”这一生存论结构,以作为预备性的分析。之后重点对“意之所在便是物”“明觉感应之为物”作出生存论诠释,二者分别对应着生存论层次的物(物Ⅰ)和本真生存中的物(物Ⅱ)。物Ⅰ关联着因缘性存在的一般生存结构,其存在就是一般性因缘整体的实行,呈现出来的是一般性生存世界;物Ⅱ则关联着本真的因缘性存在,其存在则是因缘整体的本真实行,呈现出来的是本真的生存世界。物Ⅰ与物Ⅱ之间既有区别,又有紧密的生存论关联,二者的区分与关联有助于从生存论上更好地把握阳明学。

According to Mou Zongsan’s distinction between“saying thing from the reaction of‘Mingjue’”and“saying thing from where the‘Yi’(意)is”,this paper mainly adopts Heidegger’s existential phenomenology to analyze and interpret two kinds of“things”in Yangming doctrine.Firstly,by interpreting the“nothing outside the heart”,the existential structure of“Being in the existent world”is revealed.Then,this paper focuses on the existential interpretation of“where the‘Yi’(意)is is thing”and“the reaction of‘Mingjue’is thing”,which respectively correspond to the existential conception of thing(thing I)and the conception of thing in authentic existence(thing II).Thing I is related to the general existential structure of Being of involvements,and its Being is“the enacting of the general totality of involvements”,which presents the general existent world.Thing II is related to the authentic Being of involvements,and its Being is“the authentic enacting of the totality of involvements”,which presents the authentic existent world.The distinction and relation between thing I and thing II are helpful to better understand Yangming doctrine.